Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Vol.5 No.3 1072-1076 (2019) 1072 E-ISSN: 2349 5359; P-ISSN: 2454-9967
Rajesh et al.,
International Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering www.mahendrapublications.com
ABSTRACT: To date, thin film deposition with low cost technique and desired process parameters has been intensively
studied. The cost effective sol-gel spin coating has been widely used for the deposition of different types of elements in thin
film form. ZnO thin films can also deposit with the application of this technique. The prepared solution led to deposit high
crystalline ZnO thin films without annealing at elevated temperature. The crystal structure of deposited films was
characterized by X-ray diffraction technique. Narrowed and high intensity diffraction peak at 34.4° clearly indicated that
the films exhibit hexagonal wrutzite structure of ZnO. The optical properties of these films were typically studied using UV-
vis NIR double beam spectrophometer, the optical transmittance in the visible region was more than 90% and showed
sharp absorption edge. SEM images showed earth warm like wrinkle surface. The four probe method revealed electrical
resistivity of 1. 4 Ω cm.
KEYWORDS: Sol-gel deposition, ZnO film, structural, optical, electrical properties.
https://doi.org/10.29294/IJASE.5.3.2019.1072-1076 © 2019 Mahendrapublications.com, All rights reserved
*Corresponding Author: kathiravan626@gmail.com
Received: 19.01.2019 Accepted: 18.02.2019 Published on: 27.02.2019
Production of Transparent Conducting ZnO Thin Films with
Preheated Temperature by Sol-Gel Spin Coating Technique
S. Rajesh
1
, K. Saravanakumar
2
, T. Jayakumar
3
, V. Kathiravan*
4
, S. Praburaj
5
,
M. Aasha
6
1
Department of Physics, Pachaiyappas college for men, Kanchipuram- 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India.
2
Department of Physics, Mahendra Engineering College (Autonomous), Namakkal, 637503, Tamil Nadu, India.
3
Department of Physics, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Kumbakonam-612001, Tamil Nadu, India.
4,5,6
Department of Physics, Annai College of Arts & Science, Kovilacheri, Kumbakonam- 612 503, Tamil Nadu, India.
1. INTRODUCTION
In recent past, ZnO thin films have been received
increasing attention for arrays of applications in opto-
electronics device such as transparent electrode for solar
cell [1], light emitting diodes [2], flat panel displays [3].
ZnO has wide band gap (3.37 eV) with high excitonic
binding energy (60 meV) and n-type conductivity [4, 5];
these peculiar properties exhibit high transmittance in
visible region and high electrical conductivity. Besides,
ZnO is a low-cost, non-toxic, high chemical and thermal
stability [6-9]. Several methods have been employed for
deposition of ZnO thin films such as sputtering, spray
pyrolysis, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and sol-gel
processing. Of these methods, sol-gel has attracted
interest for depositing thin films because of its significant
advantages: simplicity, inexpensive, large area coating and
ease dope.
In sol-gel deposition, most of the researchers are found
amorphous ZnO films before post annealing treatment. To
get high quality ZnO films after as-prepared, the films
were annealed at high temperatures. Kumar et al. [10]
reported the sol-gel deposited films are in amorphous
state, which are transformed into crystalline state during
the annealing process. Bu et al. [11] reported that the
coated films were sintered in two step process. Initially,
the film was sintered at 250 °C to evaporate the solvent
and then annealed at 550 °C to crystallite the film. There
are no studies on ZnO film properties in literature for as-
prepared film, because of the poor in crystalline nature of
films before annealing. In the present work, therefore, we
concentrated to deposit high crystalline quality ZnO thin
films with good optical transmittance without the post
annealing treatment. The films deposited at preheated
temperature of 200 °C were studied their structural,
optical and surface morphology properties and reported.
2. EXPERIMENTAL
2.1 Deposition of thin films
Un-doped ZnO and F doped ZnO thin films were deposited
by a sol-gel technique. The host and dopant materials
were zinc acetate dehydrate (C4H10O6Zn) and ammonium
fluoride (NH4 F), respectively. Ethanol was used as solvent
and monoethanol amine (MEA) was used as stabilizer. For
the preparation of starting precursor, 0.1 M of zinc acetate
dihydrate and 0.1 M of ammonium fluoride (5 at. %) were
dissolved in combining of 19 mL ethanol and 1 mL of
monoethylene amine. This solution was stirred at 60 °C
for 2h to get clear and homogeneous solution, while
solution container was wrapped tightly with aluminum
foil to avoid the evaporation of solvent, which maintaining
the appropriate viscous of solution. Then the solutions
were aged for 24 h at room temperature. The glass
substrates were immersed in the diluted HCl for 2 h to
etch dust particle if any on surface to be coated and then
subjected to the ultrasonic waves and then thoroughly
cleaned with acetone. The precursor solution was
dropped on to the glass substrate, which was rotate at the
speed of 5000 rpm for 60 s by a spin coater. After the
coating, the film was preheated at 200 °C for 10 min to
evaporate the solvent and organic residuals as well as for