Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 7 (5): 726-732, 2011 ISSN 1990-9233 © IDOSI Publications, 2011 Corresponding Author: Abdul Rohman, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia, Tel: +603-89430405, E-mail: abdulkimfar@gmail.com. 726 Analysis of Lard in Cream Cosmetics Formulations Using FT-IR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics Abdul Rohman and Yaakob B. Che Man 1,2 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia 1 Halal Research Group, Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory, 2 Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 3 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Abstract: Typically, cream preparation is composed from complex mixtures; therefore its analysis is rather difficult. The presence of lard (LD) in any personal care products is prohibited to be used by the Followers of Islam. In this study, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy combined with partial least square (PLS) and discriminant analysis (DA) was developed for the quantification and classification of LD in cream formulations. PLS and DA were performed at two frequency regions of 3,020 – 2,995 and 1,200 – 1,000 cmG. 1 The PLS calibration model obtained for the relationship between actual (x-axis) and FT-IR predicted (y-axis) values of LD was y = 0.997x + 0.065, with coefficient of determination (R ) and root mean square error of 2 calibration (RMSEC) of 0.997 and 0.808% (v/v), respectively. In addition, DA can successfully classify creams containing LD in its formulation using 9 principal components. FT-IR can be used as a potential analytical technique to quantify and to classify LD in cream preparations with total analysis time at about 3 min/one sample measurement. Key words: Lard %FT-IR spectroscopy %Cream cosmetics %Partial least square %Discriminant analysis INTRODUCTION reliable results is highly required. One of the developed Today, the use of cream cosmetics products has spectroscopy. increased tremendously [1]. Human exposure to In the analytical field, FT-IR spectroscopy cosmetics formulations and their ingredients occurs provides a highly effective choice. It is fast and non- primarily via the topical route such as cream and lotion [2]. destructive technique, sensitive and free or simple in Several considerations are necessary regarding the sample preparation and can be considered as green suitability and safety of cosmetics, because cosmetics analytical technique due to the little use of chemical preparations are used nearly constantly and in direct reagents and solvents in its operational [6]. Due to its contact with the skin [3]. simplicity in sample handle technique, an accessory Lard (LD) obtained from the rendering process of horizontal attenuated total reflectance (HATR) is of fatty porcine tissue is commonly used as used for analysis of fats and oils [7]. Previous viscosity-increasing agents in several cosmetic research has shown the potential of FT-IR products. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has listed spectroscopy as a method for analysis of LD, mainly in LD as one of the generally recognized safe substances [4]. food systems such as in cake and chocolate products However, cosmetics products containing LD are [8,9] or LD in the mixture with other fats and oils [10]. prohibited to be used for the followers of some religions, Guillen and Cabo [11] as well as Che Man et al. [12] used like Islam [5]. For the restriction for exposure to LD, the FT-IR spectroscopy to characterize lard and other edible development of analytical method offering fast and fats and oils. methods is Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)