Walker, Karen J. , William H. Marquardt, Lee A. Newsom, and Merald R. Clark, 2019, The Pineland Site Complex: A Southwest Florida Coastal Wetsite. InytsrponmlihgfedcaWRIFA Iconography and Wetsite Archaeology of Florida's Watery Realms, edited by Ryan Wheeler and Joanna Ostapkowitz, pp. 111-128. University of Florida Press, Gainesville. A Southwest Florida Coastal Wetsite KAREN J. WALKER, WILLIAM H. MARQUARDT, LEE A. NEWSOM, AND MERALD CLARK The Pineland Site Complex (hereafter Pineland) is located on the north- western shore of Pine Island in coastal southwest Florida (figure 6.1). Prior to modern-day land manipulation, it was composed of multiple domicili- ary mounds, primary and secondary canals and other water features, and a large burial mound (Marquardt and Walker 2013a, 843-857). The engi- neered Pine Island Canal (8LL34) originated at Pineland and traversed the entire four-kilometer width of Pine Island (Luer and Wheeler 1997). The Calusa, fisher-gatherer-hunters, were a socially and politically complex people who controlled the entire southern peninsula of Florida (Marquardt 1988). At the time of European contact in the sixteenth cen- tury, Pineland was known as Tampa and was the second largest of the Calusa Indian towns (Worth 2013). The largest was Calos, on present-day Mound Key (Thompson et al. 2016). Situated on the shallow estuary of Pine Island Sound, Pineland has played a key role in the archaeology of the Calusa (Marquardt 2014; Mar- quardt and Walker 2012, 2013a). Of particular significance is its well- preserved record of some 1,500 years of intertwined Calusa and envi- ronmental history in this subtropical region. Detailed accounts of our investigations at Pineland are reported elsewhere (Marquardt and Walker Pineland (8LL33, 8LL37) is one of only three known coastal south- western Florida sites to have yielded uncharred, well-preserved wooden artifacts and cordage (Newsom and Scarry 2013; Newsom et al. 2013). 2013b).