Economic Affairs, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 107-115, March 2019
DOI: 10.30954/0424-2513.1.2019.14
©2019 New Delhi Publishers. All rights reserved
Production and Marketing System of Khasi Mandarin in
Eastern Himalayas: An Economic Study from Assam
Rajiv Kumar Rana
1
and Sanjeev Kumar
2*
1
Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam-785013, India
2
Dept. of Social Sciences, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh-173230, India
*Corresponding author: sharmask93@rediffmail.com
ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted to analyze the production and marketing system of Khasi Mandarin in
Eastern Himalayas of India. The data was collected through pre-tested schedule by personally interviewing
the farmers selected through multistage sampling technique. The objectives were studied using analytical
tools like semi log exponential function, marketing cost, marketing margin, price spread and marketing
efciency analysis using Acharya’s and Shepherd’s approach The results of the study revealed that the
compound growth rate of area (-1.42%) and production (-0.36%) of Khasi mandarin was negative and
had badly afected the Khasi mandarin cultivation in the study area. However, the positive growth rate
of productivity (1.08%) was responsible for maintenance of production at a decent level. The marketing
efciency estimated by using both Acharya’s approach and Shepherd’s approach was found highest in
Channel- I (Producer - Retailer – Consumer) followed by channel-II (Producer – Merchant wholesalers–
Retailers – Consumers) and channel –III (Producer – Pre-harvest contractors – Wholesalers – Retailers
– Consumers), respectively. The producer’s share in consumer’s rupee was also maximum in channel-I
(50.43%) followed by channel-II (36.55%) and channel-III (20.38%). It was found that price spread was
maximum in channel III (` 5080.00) followed by channel II (` 3820.00) and channel I (` 2537.50).
Keywords: Khasi mandarin, marketing channels, multistage sampling, price spread
Citrus are among the most important fruit trees in
the world horticulture scenario. The cultivation of
citrus dates back to pre-historic times. The Mandarin,
the Citron and the Pomelo are the ancestors of the
most other commercial citrus varieties. Globally,
citrus is cultivated in 114 countries and among
these, 53 countries grow citrus commercially with
a total production of more than 115 million tonnes.
Afer Mexico, India is the leading producer of citrus
fruits with an area of about 1.06 million hectares and
production of about 12.75 million tonnes annually.
In the world, citrus is dominated by sweet orange
with a 64% contribution followed by mandarins
with 20%, limes and lemons with 10% and rest of
the 6% contributed by grapefruit and other citrus
fruits (Anonymous, 2016).
Mandarin orange is considered to be originated
from South Eastern Asia and the Philippines.
Mandarins are grown in the tropical/sub-tropical
region 35°N to 35°S of equator. Brazil, China, Egypt,
Japan, India, Iran, Italy, Mexico, Spain, Thailand,
Turkey, and USA are the main Mandarin producing
countries. During 2009, the total acreage under
the Mandarin was 2159.17 thousand hectares. The
area under Mandarin in China was maximum i.e.,
1374.16 thousand hectares (63.64%), followed by
Spain 122 thousand hectares (5.65%). The area under
Mandarin in Italy was 38.300 thousand hectares
(1.77%) and in Argentina, it was 32 thousand
hectares (1.48%) (Anonymous, 2016).
In India, the total mandarin production is 4754
thousand tonne on 429 thousand ha area with
11.08 t/ha productivity (Anonymous, 2016-17b). In
India, Punjab is the highest producer of Mandarin
with a production of 1140.31 thousand tonne on
49.36 thousand ha area, followed by Maharashtra,