Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Addictive Behaviors journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/addictbeh Spatial and sociodemographic correlates of gambling participation and disorder among female Filipino migrant workers in Macao, People's Republic of China Grace Yi a,b , Lei Huang a , Agnes I.F. Lam c,d , Carl Latkin e , Brian J. Hall a,e, ⁎ a Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao (SAR), People's Republic of China b Population Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA c Centre for Macau Studies, University of Macau, Macao (SAR), People's Republic of China d Department of Communication, University of Macau, Macao (SAR), People's Republic of China e Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA HIGHLIGHTS • Household spatial proximity to casinos was associated with gambling disorder. • Proximity was only associated with gambling among migrants not living with employers. • Gambling disorder was associated with debt adversity and lower perceived social support. • Migrant workers were nearly two times higher prevalence of gambling compared to locals. ARTICLE INFO Keywords: Gambling disorder Spatial proximity Migrant workers Psychosocial factors ABSTRACT Background and aims: Correlates and risk factors for gambling disorder among vulnerable or transient popula- tions such as transnational migrant workers are unknown. The current study examined sociodemographic and spatial correlates of gambling disorder among female Filipino domestic workers in Macao (SAR), China. Design: Survey-based, respondent-driven sampling study administered from November 2016 to August 2017. Setting: Macao (SAR), which encompassed 38 casinos within its 30.4 km 2 area at the time of this study. Participants: Representative sample of N = 1194 female Filipino domestic workers in Macao. Measurements: Symptoms of gambling disorder based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Correlates evaluated included sociodemographic information, proximity to venues, per- ceived social support, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Findings: Prevalence of gambling disorder was 5.1%. Multivariable regression analyses indicated that likelihood of gambling participation (i.e., ever gambling) was associated with current indebtedness (RR = 1.56, 95%CI = 1.08–2.25, p=.017) and worse self-reported health (RR = 1.31, 95%CI = 1.04–1.65, p= .02). Increased symptoms of gambling disorder were independently associated with lower perceived social support (RR = 0.92, 95%CI = 0.87–0.98, p=.006), increased dependents relying upon monthly remittances (RR = 1.10, 95%CI = 1.06–1.16, p < .001), increased depression severity (RR = 1.16, 95%CI = 1.07–1.25, p<.001), decreased salary quintile (RR = 0.97, 95%CI = 0.94–1.00, p= .04), and proximity to the nearest Mocha Club gaming venues (RR = 1.04, 95%CI = 1.02–1.07,p = .005). The association between proximity to casinos and increased symptoms of gambling disorder was significant only for domestic workers living apart from employers (RR = 1.07, 95%CI = 1.00–1.14,p= .04). Conclusions: Increased spatial proximity to gambling venues and greater financial and psychosocial burdens are associated with gambling disorder among domestic workers in Macao. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.05.021 Received 21 December 2018; Received in revised form 18 April 2019; Accepted 20 May 2019 ⁎ Corresponding author at: Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, E21-3040, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao (SAR), People's Republic of China. E-mail address: brianhall@um.edu.mo (B.J. Hall). Addictive Behaviors 97 (2019) 49–55 Available online 22 May 2019 0306-4603/ © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. T