~ 1203 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(4): 1203-1206 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 JEZS 2017; 5(4): 1203-1206 © 2017 JEZS Received: 01-05-2017 Accepted: 02-06-2017 Virendra Department of Entomology, JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India AS Thakur Department of Entomology, JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India M Thomas Department of Entomology, JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India Shailendra Kumar Department of Entomology, JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India Narayan Lal Department of Horticulture, JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India Correspondence Virendra Department of Entomology, JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India Storage losses of lac influenced by different storage condition and traders Virendra, AS Thakur, M Thomas, Shailendra Kumar and Narayan Lal Abstract Biology of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee), a major pest of brinjal was studied in the year 2015-2016 in the laboratory. The incubation period was 4.10±0.88 days. Length and breadth were 0.64±0.04 and 0.35±0.02 mm, respectively. The duration of 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th and 5 th larval instar was 1.33±0.48, 2.77±0.43, 2.56±0.72, .03±0.85 and 3.50±0.80 days, respectively. The total larval duration was 13.20±1.15 days, prepupal period 1.44±0.50 days and the pupal period 8.7±0.75 days. The full grown larvae measured 14.09±1.01 mm in length and 3.34±0.21 mm in breadth. The total developmental period was 27.43 ± 1.75 days. The adult longevity of the male and female was 3.27±0.45 days and 5.23±0.73 days, respectively. The pre-oviposition, oviposition and post oviposition periods were 1.17±0.38, 2.53±0.51 and 2.63±0.67 days, respectively. Body length of male and female was 8.54±0.90 and 11.01±0.71 mm, respectively. The fecundity was 160.2±32.42 eggs per female and the sex ratio was 1:1.40 (male to female). Keywords: Samples. Losses, Storage structure, Lac traders 1. Introduction Lac is cultivated as a cash crop in different countries of south, southeast and east Asian countries including India, China [18] . It is only the resinous compound of animal origin with great economic importance due to its safety for human use, renewable and ecosystem friendly source of different chemicals [19] . It is secreted by phytophagous scale insect Kerria lacca Kerr belonging to the family Tachardiidae (Kerriidae) andorder Hemiptera [2] . Common lac host trees especially Butea monosperma, Ziziphus mauritiana and Schleichera oleosa are usually found on undulating landscape in rainfed area [13] . Lac insects are reported to have 400 host plant species in the world [21] , while in India there are 113 species [20] .There are two strains of lac insect viz., Rangeeni and Kusmi. Each strain is specific to particular host trees, having different life cycle and produces different body extracts but morphologically is too similar to be separated into different species. Rangeeni strain is specific to B. monosperma and Z. mauritania, and the Kusmi strain is specific to S. oleosa. The lac produced by the kusmi strain is of higher quality [5] . India is the largest producer of Lac in the world, followed by Thailand, Indonesia, China, Vietnam and Burma [13] . India has a share of 62 per cent of the world production of 44,000 m tons. India export lac and its products worth Rs 15,262 lakh [13] . Lac is produced mostly by tribal, in the states of Jharkhand, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Maharashtra and part of Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and NEH region [15] . On an average around 28 per cent of total agriculture income is contributed by lac cultivation and more than 80 per cent of lac produced in India is exported ( [3] , [16] , [15] , [17] ). The annual lac production of the country varied from 18000 tons [16] , 23,229 tons [14] and 21,935 tons [15] . On the basis of survey in the markets of different lac producing districts and states, the estimated national production of lac during 2013-14 was approximately 21,008 tons [25] . Madhya Pradesh is traditionally a Lac production centre of the country since late 19 th century and early 20 th century [13] . In MP, Jabalpur division is the major producer of lac. Balaghat and Seoni districts in Jabalpur division are the largest producer of lac in the state. Anuppur district is the largest producer and seller of brood lac in MP. In MP [10] observed that Seoni district contributed maximum in the lac production (41.6%) followed by Balaghat (30.6%), Hosangabad (8.4%) and Mandla (7.0%).