Solution Polymerization I. Introduction Monomer and initiator must be soluble in the liquid and the solvent must have the desired chain transfer characteristics, boiling point (above the temperature necessary to carry out the polymerization and low enough to allow for ready removal if the polymer is recovered by solvent evaporation). The presence of the solvent assists in heat removal and control (as it also does for suspension and emulsion polymerization systems). Polymer yield per reaction volume is lower than for bulk reactions. Also, solvent recovery and removal (from the polymer) is necessary. Many free radical and ionic polymerizations are carried out utilizing solution polymerization including water- soluble polymers prepared in aqueous solution [namely poly (acrylic acid), polyacrylamide, and poly (N-vinyl pyrrolidinone)]. Polystyrene, poly (methyl methacrylate), poly (vinyl chloride), and polybutadiene are prepared from organic solution polymerizations, [1]. II. Solution polymerization system In solution polymerization, the system consists of 1. Suitable inert solvent, 2. Monomer(s), 3. Catalyst, 4. Polymer Some examples of solution polymerization are 1. Ethylene in isooctane polymerized at 150°C–180°C, 300–700 psi with chromia-silica-alumina catalyst. 2. Aqueous solution of acrylonitrile at 80°C with persulfate catalyst resulting in polyacrylonitrile precipitate. 3. Nylon rope trick—interfacial polycondensation of a solution of sebacoyl chloride in tetrachloroethane plus aqueous solution of hexamethylene diamine yielding nylon 6/10 at the boundary (interface) of both solutions, [2]. Abstract Bulk and solution polymerization are two very important methods for manufacturing polymers. Solution polymerization occur in existence of inert solvent and suitable catalyst, on the contrary of bulk polymerization which doesn’t need any additives just monomer and a suitable initiator, which has two types batch and continuous bulk polymerization. Both of bulk and solution polymerization used for manufacturing many polymers such as polystyrene, polyethylene, and polymethyl methacrylate for bulk polymerization and polyacrylonitrile, and polyesters such as nylon for solution polymerization. SOLUTION & BULK POLYMERIZATION Written by student; AbdAl-Rhman Magdy Abdullah Youssef ID: 20160517 Date: January 2019 Department of chemical engineering, Higher Technological Institute-Tenth of Ramadan City, Egypt