ASEAN Economic Bulletin 194 Vol. 26, No. 2, August 2009
ASEAN Economic Bulletin Vol. 26, No. 2 (2009), pp. 194–214 ISSN 0217-4472 print / ISSN 1793-2831 electronic
© 2006 ISEAS
DOI: 10.1355/ae26-2e
RESEARCH NOTES
ASEAN’s Bilateral Preferential
Trade and Economic Cooperation
Agreements
Implications for Asian Economic Integration
Rahul Sen and Sadhana Srivastava
The phenomenon of proliferation of preferential trade agreements, bilaterally and regionally,
was particularly more pronounced both in the aftermath of the regional financial and
economic crisis that affected East Asia in 1997–98 and in the inability of the WTO to yield
any substantial outcome to improve growth prospects of the Asian economies. This paper
analyses the implications of ASEAN’s ongoing FTAs and examines its role in fostering deeper
economic integration within ASEAN and in Asia. It analyses the evolution and characteristics
of FTA proliferation in ASEAN, identifying major trends. The paper argues that in their
present state, if not properly designed and managed, there are valid concerns that these FTAs
could end up becoming a stumbling block towards integration efforts. Implementation
integrity among FTA members therefore remains a key to its success, and empirical and policy
research needs to be much more forthcoming in this area in order to fully understand the
economic ramifications of these FTAs.
Keywords: Free trade agreements, economic integration, ASEAN.
I. Introduction
While a contentious debate continues to stall the
multilateral trade talks at the World Trade
Organization (WTO), a plethora of bilateral and
regional trading and economic cooperation
agreements have been mushrooming globally, and
increasingly in the Asia-Pacific, generating a wave
of “new regionalism” in Asia (World Bank 2004).
This phenomenon was particularly more
pronounced both in the aftermath of the regional
financial and economic crisis that affected East
Asia in 1997–98 and in the inability of the WTO
to yield any substantial outcome to improve
growth prospects of the Asian economies. “New