SPE Paper # 29488
Solid Particle Deposition During Turbulent Flow Production Operations
Joel Escobedo and G.Ali Mansoori*, U. of Illinois at Chicago
SPE Members
ABSTRACT
The production and transportation of petroleum fluids could be
severely affected by deposition of suspended particles (i.e.
asphaltene, paraffin/wax, sand, and/or diamondoid) in the
prouction wells and/or transfer piplines. In many instancesthe
amount ofprecipiaion is rather largecausing complete plugging
of these conduits. Therefre, it is important to understand the
bhaviorofsuspndedpaticlesduringfow conditions.
In this paper we present an analysis ofthe diffusional effects
on the rate of solid particle deposition during turbulent flow
conditions (crude oil prodction generally falls within this
regime). Theturbulent bundarylayertheorand the concepts of
massansferhavebenutilizedto calculate theparticledepsition
rates on the walls of the fowing conduit. The developd model
accounts for the eddy and Brownian diffusivities as well as for
inertial effects.
The analysis presented in this paper shows that rates of solid
particledeposition(duringcrudeoilproducion)onthewallsofthe
fowingchannelduesolely todiffusionalefectsaesmall.
It is also shown thatdepsition rates decrease with increasing
particle sie. However, hen the processis momentum conolled
(lagepaticlesies)higher depsitionratesare epcted.
(*) Corresponding author, emails:
mansoori@uic.edu; gali.mansoori@gmail.com
439
INTRODUCTION
Numerouseprimentalworkshave revealedthecolloidalnatureof
the heavy asphaltene fraction of a crude oil. We consider the
asphaltenes to eis in crude oil as bth dissoled and suspended
particles (1, 2, 3). Disprsed asphaltenes are sterically stabilized
by neual resins, they are electrically charged (4), and have a
diameter of 30-0 A (5). The stability of these particles canb
disruptedbyaddition of solvents (i.e. n-heptane), i t could also b
disrupted during fow conditions due to shear stresses, or by
counterbalancing theweak asphaltene paticle charge. The laeris
an important phenomenon since during crude oil prouction a
streaming ptential is generated which is blieved to cause
asphaltene aggregation (6). When solvents are used to preipitate
asphaltenes,theresulting aggregatesmayhave a diameter as large
as30(/). In aditionto asphaltenesthere mayb othertypsof
particles suspended in the crude oil as well. For instance, sand
particles sept from the reseroir matri. paraffin crystals if the
tempraure falls below he cloud pint of he crude. and/or
diamondoids.
Production and transprtation of petroleum fluids could b
seerely affected by depsitionofasphaltene (and other sspnded
paticles). In many instances the amount of precipitation is rather
large causing complete plgging of the flowing channel.
Therefore, it is imprtant to understand the behaior of the
suspnded particles (asphaltenes, sand, paraffin/wax. diamondoid
etc.)during fow conditions.
This papr presents a theoretical analysis of the diffusional
DOI: 10.2118/29488-MS
Preprint
This paper was presented and appeared in Pages 439-446 of Proceedings of the
1995 SPE Production Operation Symposium held in Oklahoma City, OK, USA, 2-4 April, 1995