Research Article Methanolic Extract of Artemia salina Eggs and Various Fractions in Different Solvents Contain Potent Compounds That Decrease Cell Viability of Colon and Skin Cancer Cell Lines and Show Antibacterial Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salman Ul Islam, 1 Muhammad Bilal Ahmed, 1 Adeeb Shehzad, 2 and Young Sup Lee 1 1 School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 41566, Republic of Korea 2 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdurahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia Correspondence should be addressed to Young Sup Lee; yselee@knu.ac.kr Received 18 January 2019; Revised 10 April 2019; Accepted 22 April 2019; Published 6 May 2019 Academic Editor: Ian Cock Copyright © 2019 Salman Ul Islam et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Artemia salina, crustaceans of class Branchiopoda and order Anostraca, are living and reproducing only in highly saline natural lakes and in other reservoirs where sea water is evaporated to produce salt. Artemia salina eggs can be purchased from pet stores, where they are sold as tropical fsh food and a ready source for hatching shrimp. In the current study, methanolic crude extracts and various fractions of Artemia salina eggs extracted in other solvents were tested for efects on cell viability of human colorectal cancer cells (HCT116) and melanoma cells (B16F10) using an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. A methanolic crude extract of eggs was obtained by cold maceration, followed by fractionation to obtain hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions. Te methanolic crude extract decreased cell viability of HCT-116 and B16F10 cell lines at higher concentrations. Te other fractions were evaluated using a cell viability assay, and chloroform and hexane showed the highest activity at signifcantly lower concentrations than did the methanolic fraction. Full scan profles of the methanolic crude extract and the chloroform and hexane fractions were obtained by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the resultant compounds were identifed by comparing their spectral data to those available in spectral matching libraries. ROS generation assay, fow cytometry, and western blot analysis provided supporting evidence that the hexane and chloroform fractions induced cell death in HCT116 and B16-F10 cell lines. All fractions were further tested for antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, among which the hexane fraction showed the highest zone of inhibition on LB nutrient agar plates. Tis study demonstrated promising anticancer and antibacterial efects of Artemia salina egg extracts. Our results suggest that pure bioactive compounds obtained from Artemia salina eggs can provide new insights into the mechanisms of colon and skin cancer, as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibition. 1. Introduction Te popularity of natural products as chemopreventive sub- stances is increasing steadily because of their potential efec- tiveness and low toxicity [1]. Recently, marine fauna and fora have received signifcant attention as potent sources of novel chemopreventive agents. High potency antitumor agents have been discovered in marine sources [2]. Strong anticancer activities have been shown in extracts from algae, sponges, and marine cyanobacteria [3–5]. Fucoidans, alginic acids, laminarans, and carrageenans are among the marine-based compounds that exert potent anticancer activities. In addi- tion, miscellaneous polysaccharides extracted from marine animals, fungi, and bacteria have been identifed as potential anticancer agents, many of which have been evaluated for further drug development [3]. Anticancer drugs of marine origin available commercially include cytarabine, trabecte- din, eribulin mesylate, and brentuximab vedotin [6, 7]. Many other marine derived substances with potential anticancer activity are currently being investigated in preclinical studies [5, 8]. Hindawi Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2019, Article ID 9528256, 12 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9528256