Research Article Diabetes Burden in Urban and Rural Senegalese Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study in 2012 S. M. Seck, 1 D. G. Dia, 1 D. Doupa, 1 A. Diop-Dia, 1 I. Thiam, 1 M. Ndong, 2 and L. Gueye 1 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaston Berger University, Saint-Louis, Senegal 2 Nutrition Department, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, Gaston Berger University, Saint-Louis, Senegal Correspondence should be addressed to S. M. Seck; sidy-mohamed.seck@ugb.edu.sn Received 15 April 2015; Revised 11 July 2015; Accepted 13 August 2015 Academic Editor: Edward W. Gregg Copyright © 2015 S. M. Seck et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Diabetes represents a challenging global health issue in the 21st century. Data from sub-Saharan African populations are scarce and are usually restricted to urban settings. Te objective of this study was to compare prevalence and risk factors of diabetes in rural and urban areas in Senegal. Methods. In a community-based survey between January and May 2012, we included 1027 adults aged ≥18 years living in northern Senegal. Sociodemographic, clinical, and biological data were collected during household visits. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with diabetes. Results. Mean age of participants was 48.0 ± 16.9 years and 65.7% were female. Participants from urban area represented 55.7%. Te age-standardized prevalence of diabetes was 7.6% (6.0% in men versus 9.0% in women). Prevalence of diabetes was higher in urban areas (8.1%) compared to rural areas (4.6%). Disease awareness rate was 43%. Afer multivariate analysis, age (OR = 1.63,  = 0.001), familial history of diabetes (OR = 1.42,  = 0.001), and abdominal obesity (OR = 1.17,  = 0.05) were associated with diabetes. Conclusion. Diabetes is frequent in urban and rural areas in Senegal. Awareness rate is very low among populations. Age, family history of diabetes, and abdominal obesity are the main risk factors identifed. 1. Introduction Diabetes represents a challenging health issue in the 21st century with a growing incidence estimated to be 381.8 million patients globally in 2013 and high morbidity and mortality rates [1]. Tough population data are ofen scarce, the African continent is expected to bear the most important burden of diabetes during the next coming decades [1–3]. However, a few countries have developed national strategies to contain this coming epidemic [2]. In many cases, lack of data is the major barrier for setting up efcient programs for prevention and management of diabetes in disadvantaged populations. In Senegal, there is not yet available data on diabetes burden at national level but one recent survey in Saint-Louis city (northern region) reported a prevalence of 10.4% with two-thirds of patients uncontrolled [4]. Moreover, marked disparities had been reported between urban and rural regions where lifestyle habits and access to care are diferent [2–4]. Te objective of this study was to compare prevalence and risk factors of diabetes in adult populations living in rural and urban areas in Senegal. 2. Population and Methods 2.1. Study Design. We performed a community-based cross- sectional survey in Saint-Louis (northern region of Senegal). All individuals aged ≥18 years and living in Saint-Louis for ≥ 3 months were eligible to participate in the study. 2.2. Sampling Procedure. A two-stage cluster sampling method was used to select a representative sample of adults living in urban and rural areas of Saint-Louis. We frstly selected 17 localities as clusters (9 urban areas and 8 rural areas). Ten, we randomly took a number of households proportional to population size of each locality (data available from the National Agency of Statistics and Demography). Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Endocrinology Volume 2015, Article ID 163641, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/163641