International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3413 A Review on Single Precision Floating Point Arithmetic Unit of 32 bit Number Mr. Ankit Trivedi 1 , Mr. Apoorv Verma 2 1 Assistant Professor, Axis Institute of Technology & Management Kanpur, up, India 2 Student, Axis Institute of Technology & Management Kanpur, up, India ------------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Roughly computing has turn out to be one of the most popular computing paradigms in the era of the Internet of things and big data. It takes advantages of the error- tolerable feature of many applications, such as machine learning and image/signal processing, to reduce the resource required to deliver certain level of computation quality. Floating point arithmetic unit is widely used in many areas, especially scientific computation and signal processing. For many application signal processing and graphic it is acceptable to trade off some accuracy for faster and better implementations. Multiplication is the second basic operation of arithmetic Floating point unit. FPU may be a part of ADP system specially designed to hold out operation on floating purpose variety. Floating point unit is widely used in many areas. This paper shows review of IEEE 754 standard floating point arithmetic unit which will perform multiplication, addition and subtraction function on 32bit operand. A system’s performance is usually determined by the performance of the multiplier, because the multiplier is usually the delay element in the system. Single-precision floating-point IEEE-754 customary Adder/Subtractor and number modules with high speed and space economical square measure best owed. The arithmetic operations square measure performed on the many a part of the IEEE format. Key words: Floating Point Unit, IEEE 754 I. INTRODUCTION A. Floating-Point Units(FPU) It is a math coprocessor which is designed specially to carry out operations on floating point numbers [1]. The FPUs will perform operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Main function of FPUs can execute different functions such like as exponential or trigonometric calculations, although these are done with software library routine in nearly all recent processors. Our FPU is basically a 32 bit (single precision) IEEE754. B. Floating-Point Units(FPU) CPU executes a program then it is calling for a floating- point (FP) operation, which have three ways it can carry out the operation also be called by floating-point unit operation emulator which is floating-point library, used a series of simple fixed-point arithmetic operations which can run on the integer ALU. These emulators can keep the additional hardware price of a FPU but are significantly slow. Secondly it may us can add-on FPUs that are entirely separate from the CPU, and are typically sold as an optional add-ons which are purchased only when they are needed to speed up math- intensive operations and integrated FPU present in the system[2]. The FPU design as format of single precision IEEE754 compliant integrated unit also can’t handle only basic floating point operations but also handle operations like shifting, square root determination and operation of transcendental functions like sine, cosine and tangential function. C. IEEE 754 Standard IEEE 754 used as floating-point computation, followed by many hardware (CPU and FPU) and software implementations [3]. Main standard for IEEE 754 Floating-Point calculations defines binary representation for floating-point numbers is in two types 1) Binary 32 bit (or single precision) format 2) Binary 64 bit (or double precision) format. Sign Exponent Fraction Bias Single Precision 1(31) 8(30-23) 23(22-00) 127 Double Precision 1(63) 11(62- 52) 52(51-00) 1023 Table 1: Bit Range for Floating-Point Values There is given IEEE 754 single-precision floating-point format that occupies 32 bits in a computer memory and given range of values in floating point unit. In IEEE 754, 32-bit with base 2 value format is referred to as single precision or binary32. It was called by single in IEEE 754-1985. The IEEE 754 standard given a format of single precision number which have sign bit maximum 1 bit length and exponent of width 8 bits ,