IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 18, Issue 1 Ser. 8 (January. 2019), PP 44-49 www.iosrjournals.org DOI: 10.9790/0853-1801084449 ww.iosrjournals.org 44 | Page Ophthalmic Complications of Dengue Fever: A Systematic Review Dr. Rakesh Kumar Sr(Eye), S.K.M.C.H., Muzaffarpur Corresponding Author: Dr. Rakesh Kumar Abstract Introduction: In recent years there has been a spurt of publications on the ophthalmic complications of dengue fever. The aim of this is to review the ocular manifestations, utility of relevant diagnostic tests, management, prognosis, and sequelae of dengue-related ocular complications. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted on Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Only articles published or translated into the English language were considered, and key data from the full article of each paper was extracted and evaluated. Results: A total of 686 patients with amean age of 33.4 years (range 14–73 years) were included. Blurring of vision was the most common presenting symptom followed by scotoma. Ocular findings were mostly seen in the posterior pole of the fundus, manifesting as retinal hemorrhages, macular edema, foveolitis, vasculitis, and optic neuropathy. Most patients with dengue-related ophthalmic complications recover spontaneously without any treatment. Patients with severe visual loss or bilateral involvement were treated with systemic steroids and occasionally immunoglobulins. Prognosis of dengue-related ophthalmic complications is favorable; almost all patients had normal or showed improvement in visual acuity and complete resolution of dengue ophthalmic complications was noted in almost all cases. Conclusion: The pathological process of dengue ophthalmic complications is complex and clinical manifestations varied. Ophthalmic complications are usually seen in young adults who often present at the nadir of thrombocytopenia. Despite good recovery of vision and resolution of clinical signs in most patients, ophthalmologists and physicians should be aware and vigilant as isolated reports of cases of dengue ophthalmic complications with poor visual acuity refractory to treatment have been reported. Keywords: Blurring of vision; Complications; Dengue; Maculopathy; Ocular; Ophthalmic; Retinal hemorrhage; Scotoma; Treatment. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 01-01-2019 Date of acceptance: 15-01-2019 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. Introduction Dengue fever is a mosquito borne disease that is commonly found in the tropics. Dengue virus belongs to the Flavivirus genus of the family, Flaviviridae, and its members include the four antigenically-related serotypes of dengue virus (DENV 1–4). It is transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected female Aedes mosquito, usually the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Dengue infection is characterized by an acute onset of fever associated with symptoms of malaise, sore throat, rhinitis and cough, headache, muscle ache, retro-orbital pain, joint pain, abdominal discomfort, and rash. Other clinical manifestations of dengue are related to the bleeding diathesis from thrombocytopenia. Dengue infection is usually a clinical diagnosis but can be confirmed with laboratory tests based on the time of presentation; frequently used tests include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunoglobulinM(IgM) or immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme immunoassays. During the early phase of the infection, when febrile illnessis within 5 days, dengue PCR is performed. If febrile illness exceeds 5 days, the preferred tests are dengue IgM and IgG tests. It is well documented that serology is negative during the febrile phase and early infection, becoming positive after the fever settles. In contrast, PCR has a much higher sensitivity during the febrile phase, becoming negative after fever settles. Dengue is usually a self-limiting infection. Recovery from infection with one serotype provides lifelong immunity against that serotype, but confers only transient and partial immunity against subsequent infection by other serotypes. Sequential infections with other serotypes may increase the risk of more serious systemic disease, such as dengue