Face in Intercultural Communication: A Qualitative
Meta-Synthesis
Mohammad Ahmadi Safa
1*
, Moslem Yousefi
2
, Naser Ranjbar
3
1*
Associate Professor in TEFL, Bu-Ali Sina University, Iran,
ahmadisafa@basu.ac.ir
2
Ph.D. Student in TEFL, Bu-Ali Sina University, Iran,
m.yousefi.tesol@gmail.com
3
Ph.D. Student in TEFL, Bu-Ali Sina University, Iran,
ranjbar.nasser@gmail.com
Abstract
Although the concept of „face‟ has recently been the focus of attention in language
pragmatics, face theory and research have dealt with the individualistic rather than
social aspects of human interactions (Arundale, 2013). In order to assess the
epistemological and methodological dimensions of the face in recent literature, this
qualitative meta-synthetic study examines the concept of the face in intercultural and
multicultural communicative interactions. A total of 13 intercultural face studies
published in two leading journals, Journal of Pragmatics and Intercultural
Pragmatics, were identified, and a thorough qualitative content analysis was
conducted to identify the core themes and commonalities. The emerging themes
portrayed the concept of face as culture and language specific, relational,
interactional, and location-specific, co-constructed, and negotiated by the
participants in the ongoing discourse activities. The study nominates some
methodological aspects of face for further studies in the intercultural pragmatics
research area.
Keywords: Face; Intercultural interaction; Qualitative meta-synthesis
Received 13 March 2019 Accepted 26 May 2019
Available online 25 June 2019 DOI: 10.30479/jmrels.2019.10264.1274
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