International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (ijasre) E-ISSN : 2454-8006 DOI: 10.31695/IJASRE.2019.33427 Volume 5, Issue 7 July - 2019 www.ijasre.net Page 150 Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY-NC NANOROBOTICS: A TUTORIAL Matthew N. O. Sadiku, Adebowale E. Shadare, and Sarhan M. Musa Roy G. Perry College of Engineering Prairie View A&M University Prairie View, TX 77446 _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Nanorobotics is an emerging field for designing and building small machines or robots ranging in size from 0.1–10 micrometers. They are microscopic in size; a large number of them may be required to work together to perform microscopic tasks. The field of medicine is expected to receive the largest improvement from Nanorobotics. Nanorobots have attracted a lot of attention from scientists as they can benefit humans in numerous ways. The purpose of this paper is to provide a tutorial on this emerging field. Keywords: Nano robotics, Nano robots, Nano machines, Nanotechnology. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. INTRODUCTION Almost everyone in the electronics industry agrees that there is nowhere the industry can go but down further in scale. Semiconductor chips have already breached the 100- nm feature size, which puts it in the realm of nanotechnology [1]. Nanotechnology (or nanotech) essentially consists of the processing, separating, consolidating, and deforming of materials at an atomic, molecules or cellular level. It is a part of applied science whose theme is to control the matter on atomic or molecular scale. It is becoming increasingly important in fields like engineering, agriculture, microelectronics, and medicine. Robotics is the theory and application of robots, autonomous electric or mechanical devices. Robots are programmable machines; they can change their physical properties (such as shape, density, conductivity, optical properties, etc.) based on user input or autonomous sensing. When the robot is scaled down to a few billionth of a meter, we have nanotechnology robotics or nanorobotics. Thus, nanorobots are the result of a combination of two technologies: robotics and nanotechnology [2]. Nanorobotics is the nanotechnology technique of building and forming designs of nanorobots. Nanorobots (or nanobots) are controllable machines that are composed of nano scale components. They are capable of performing tasks such as actuating, sensing, signaling, and information processing at the nanoscale. Because the development takes place on an atomic scale, these nanobots can pull apart any kind of material (soil, water, air, etc.) atom by atom and construct just about anything. 2. OVERVIEW OF NANOTECHNOLOGY Techniques are now available which make it possible to manipulate materials on the atomic or molecular scale to produce objects which are no more than a few nanometres in diameter. The processes used to make and manipulate such materials are known as nanotechnology, the materials or objects themselves are called nanomaterials, and the study and discovery of these materials is known as nanoscience. Richard Feymann, the Nobel Prize-winning physicist, introduced the world to nanotechnology in 1959. Nanotechnology involves the manipulation of atoms and molecules at the nanoscale so that materials have new unique properties. It deals with materials, structures, and systems whose components exhibit novel physical, chemical, and biological properties due to their nanoscale sizes. Nanotechnology is a multi-disciplinary field that includes biology, chemistry, physics, material science, and engineering. It is the science of small things—at the atomic level or nanoscale level [3]. Nanotechnology seems to be one of the most dominant technologies of the century. It has numerous applications in everyday life, ranging from consumer goods to medicine to improving the environment. Nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at the nano scale. It covers a wide variety of disciplines like physics, chemistry, biology, biotechnology, information technology, engineering, and their potential applications. Nanotechnology has a vast range of applications, such as in nanomedicine, nanoelectronics, biomaterials energy production, and consumer products. It is revolutionizing many industry sectors: information technology, homeland security, medicine, transportation, energy, food safety, and environmental science. Nanoparticles are used increasingly in catalysis to boost chemical reactions, especially petroleum refining and automotive catalytic converters. The possibilities with nanotechnology are limitless. Nanotechnology will likely revolutionize sensor capabilities. With nanotechnology, it seems like anything is possible.