Educational Haptic Controller based on Arduino
Platform
Jorge Juan Gil, I˜ naki D´ ıaz, Xabier Justo and Pablo Ci´ aurriz
Department of Applied Mechanics
CEIT and TECNUN, University of Navarra
San Sebasti´ an, Spain
Email: jjgil@tecnun.es
Abstract—The laboratory of Systems Technology and Auto-
matic Control at TECNUN has developed an electronic controller
based on the Arduino platform to allow students to implement
haptic algorithms in multiple mechatronic devices. This work
describes the design and the development process of the con-
troller. A PHANToM Premium 1.0 haptic device has been used to
validate the interface. Control algorithms that properly control
the platform and several experiments carried out to test the
interface are also presented. The proposed system is an excellent
testbed for students to put into practice their skills and learn
multiple concepts in the domains of electronics, control and
programming.
Index Terms—electronic control systems, robotics, Arduino,
haptic controller.
I. I NTRODUCTION
In the last decades, haptic technology has made it possible to
develop smart mechatronic devices that allow users interacting
with virtual or remote environments by their sense of touch
(Fig. 1). In other words, haptics is the technology of adding
the sensation of touch and feeling to computers [1].
A haptic device allows to apply the user both tactile and
kinesthetic information of the interacting environment (either
real or virtual). Thanks to these devices multiple applications
have been developed to improve the current art in many fields.
For example, surgical haptic simulators have been developed
where surgeons can be trained prior to operations [2]. Haptic
technology makes the environment more realistic since the
surgeon feels the same force feedback when operating as in
the real procedure. It also allows developing a new series
of advanced robotic tools for surgery [3] and teleoperation
[4]. Driving technology has also taken advantage of this
technology by developing haptic drive-by-wire systems that
improve the maneuverability of current joystick-like devices
[5]. In all cases, haptic feedback is used to improve the
dexterity of the users when managing robotic and mechatronic
devices by restoring the force and tactile feedback that they
would feel in the real counterpart.
Haptics is a multidisciplinary field. Developing a haptic
interface demands knowledge on mechanical design, control
engineering, electronics, computer graphics, signal processing,
etc. As such, it becomes an excellent testbed for students
to put into practice their acquired theoretical concepts in the
aforementioned fields. Thus, haptic interfaces are motivating
User
Haptic Device
Virtual Tool
Virtual
Environment
User Manipulated
Fig. 1. Haptic system developed at TECNUN to perform virtual aeronautic
maintainability tasks
environments where multiple practical works can be carried
out to allow students enhancing their skills.
One drawback of using these haptic systems was their high
price. However, the latest devices in the market, such as
the Novint Falcon, are just below $250. Even more, simple
prototypes of one degree of freedom can easily be developed
in the lab by using cheap electric motors and position sensors
[6]. Nevertheless, the electronics can be price limiting.
One of the most important requirements for haptic devices
is that control algorithms must run at 1 kHz or faster. This
threshold is mandatory for a proper haptic experience and also
to guarantee the stability of the system [7], [8]. Note that a
haptic device is a mechatronic system conceived to physically
interact with the user, so safety is always a must.
Fortunately, in the last years many low-cost electronic
boards have arisen to the market, such as Arduino
1
and
Raspberry Pi
2
. These systems, although still limited in their
processing capabilities (compared to more sophisticated Na-
tional Instruments boards, for example), allow the implemen-
tation of cheap haptic controllers. Moreover, they easily allow
implementing new additional electronic modules and systems.
Another cost handicap for these systems is that the amplifiers
1
www.arduino.cc
2
www.raspberrypi.org
978-1-4799-6002-6/14/$31.00 ©2014 IEEE