Abstract— Today, in the construction industry, the
sustainability has got the top priority. Around the world, in current
construction activities, concrete is classified as one of the most
important materials; therefore, many issues pertaining to concrete
long term sustainability arise. Pollution, consumption of natural
sources with high quantities and large amounts of industrials wastes
requires finding new sustainable solutions. Moreover, the growth of
the world plastic industry has been tremendous. Among plastic, the
most familiar user plastics used is Polyethylene Terephthalate
(PET). From drinking water bottles and beverages bottles, this type
of plastic is obtained in massive quantity. The aims of this work is to
study the possibility of using waste plastic got by shredded PET
bottles as fine aggregate, which substituted part of natural sand in
the manufacturing of the High Performance Concrete (HPC). For
this purpose, this experimental study was carried out to evaluate
some properties of HPC with and without plastic waste aggregate
and compared between them. The natural sand is substituted with
the PET-aggregate at dosages (0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% by volume
of the sand) to produce High Performance Concrete mixes, in
addition, using superplasticizer (SP), and 10% silica fume (SF), as a
partial replacement by weight of cement. The results indicated that
fresh concrete including PET-aggregate showed lesser workability
and the reduction in slump reach to 68.75% for 7.5% replacement.
The physical characteristics (bulk density, porosity, water
absorption and ultrasonic pulse velocity testing) and static modulus
of elasticity of HPC were evaluated. The ultrasonic pulse velocity,
bulk density and water absorption slightly decreased with the
increase of PET particles. Same trend appeared in static modulus
results which dropped 6.85%, 7.43%, and 10.18% for M2.5, M5,
and M7.5 respectively. Replacement of fine aggregate with Flaky
PET-aggregates leads bridging the two separated concrete pieces
and therefore prevented concrete from breaking apart after failure.
Keywords—Sustainability, Waste plastic, PET- bottles, High
performance concrete.
I. INTRODUCTION
Three hundred million tons is the amount of the annual
increasing of plastics production all over the world. In ten years,
the European plastics production was increased by fifty percent,
and then stabilized. This leads to generate a huge quantity of
about twenty five million tons of waste plastics, which represent
more than sixty three percent of daily used packaging. These
large quantities of wastes should be reused or recycled. In fact,
only thirty six percent is transformed to energy and twenty six
percent is recycled, whereas about forty percent is burying
underground [1]. Today environment issues all over the world
focus on the use of alternative environmentally friendly materials
like natural fiber composites. The benefit from using waste
plastics for producing eco-friendly sustainable composite
materials is the further option [2]. The reuse and recycle waste
materials is become an important issue from the following
viewpoints: environmentally pollution decrease, saving and
sustaining natural resources, and save and recycle energy
production processes. So, concrete is one of the feasible options
[3].Many studies were conducted to study the possibility of using
and enhancing the properties of concrete by adding waste plastic
as fibers [4-9]. Also reusing of waste plastic by partial replacing
of sand or coarse aggregate by waste plastic for production of
sustainable concrete were doing by many researchers[10-14].
This replacement leads to decreasing in density, workability and
slightly increasing in flexural strength.
In a 1990 publication, Mehta and Aitcin[15] suggested the term
high performance concrete (HPC) for concrete mixtures that
possess the following three properties: high-workability, high-
strength, and high durability. There was many defintions of this
kind of concrete by Forster[16], Papworth and Ratcliffe[17],
Ryan and Potter[18], Federal Highway Administration
(FHWA)[19] and ACI 116R-00[20].
Based on the previous literatures, it can be noticed that there are
considerable amounts of research that deals with normal concrete
engineering properties which contained PET particles as a partial
replacement of aggregate. Because of, there is a lack of data
dealing with adding of PET particles as aggregate on the
properties and durability of HPC, this research aims to study
some properties of HPC, which contained PET-aggregate as
partial replacement of sand, like workability, modulus of
elasticity, bulk density and dynamic modulus of elasticity.
II. EXPERMENTAL PROGRAM
A. Materials
In casting all specimens throughout this work, Portland
cements class (I) has been used. According to results of chemical
Effects of Adding Waste Plastics on Some
Properties of High Performance Concrete
Abdulkader I. Al-Hadithi Mahamood Fawzi Al-Ani
Dams and Water Resources Engineering Department Civil Engineering Department
College of Engineering, University of Anbar College of Engineering, University of Technology
Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq Baghdad, Iraq
Email: al_hadithi2000@yahoo.com Email: mahmodmfa81@gmail.com
273
2018 11th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE)
978-1-5386-6712-5/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE
DOI 10.1109/DeSE.2018.00055