International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 6006 A REVIEW ARTICLE ON THE STUDY OF RADON AND THORON CONCENTRATION USING SOLID STATE NUCLEAR TRACK DETECTOR SALONI CHAUDHARY 1 , PRATEEK UNIYAL 2 , B. S. RAWAT 3 1 Scholar, Department of Physics, UCALS, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, UCALS, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India 3 Associate Professor, Department of Physics, UCALS, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - The discovery of Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTD) in 1958 found promising application in the various field like gamma dose measurement and neutron detection etc. The present article deals with the estimation of concentration of radon in different parts of the India due to the demanding interest on the work of radon and its yields as a source of exposure to radiation. Human beings consume radon as a main radioactive source by inhaling it from surroundings, which is naturally, occurs in atmosphere. Several observations show that radon and its progeny causes lung cancer. Track detectors were used for determining gas concentration levels of radon and its progeny in the dwellings of various parts of India. In the present review article the relation among building materials, insulation systems, and indoor radon pollution has been studied. Key Words: Solid State Nuclear Track Detector, Dose measurement, Radon, Radioactive source, Indoor radon pollution. 1. INTRODUCTION A Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTD) is an example of a strong material presented to nuclear radiation (charged molecule, sometimes additionally gamma rays), etched and inspected infinitesimally. When a heavy charge particle bombards an SSNTD’s surface, it will respond with the detector material until it has lost its energy or its goes through the SSNTD making a narrow latent track. This latent track can straightforwardly be observed under an electronic magnifying instrument and can likewise be seen under optical microscope after the utilization of chemical etching procedure to enlarge the latent track estimate. The track of atomic molecule was scratched quicker than the mass material, and the size and state of these track yield data about the mass, charge, energy and course of movement of molecule. If the particle enters with normal incidence into the surface, the pit appears round in shape; generally the ellipticity and circular pit demonstrate the direction of incidence. Solid state nuclear track location procedure was discovered in 1958 by D.A.Young in crystal of LiF which was well established technique for estimation in huge number of fields including distinctive part of radioactivity or nuclear interaction [1].D.A. Young announced nuclear tracks in dielectric solid by watching carve pits of fission fragment in thick example of Lithium fluoride (LiF) utilizing an optical microscope. He considered the fission fragment delivered in the illumination of uranium foil with warm neutron. He treated the crystal with a chemical reagent to reveal the track and contemplated that as for chemical properties, the damage trail of fission fragment is like that of disengagement. He contended that the free energy of the particle of the harmed area is more than the whole material surrounding around and this region ought to be preferentially assaulted by a suitable chemical reagent. The Track Detectors is being used for years to detect ionizing particles in a wide range of experimental and applications. This paper is all about Effects of Radon in different parts of India. Radon, which is present in the earth, establishes over a large portion of the radiation portion taken by the open yearly. It is among the densest substance that stays in a gas state under ordinary conditions. It's inward breath causes health hazard. Henshaw et al. in 1990 guaranteed that the radon present inside the dwellings are related with the danger of leukemia and certain different malignant growths, for example, melanoma and diseases of the kidney [2]. The grouping of radon and its decay product demonstrates a huge variance in indoor condition because of temperature, pressure, ventilation condition and building material, and so forth. As indicated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), radon is the second most successive reason for lung malignant growth, after cigarette smoking, and it is named a cancer-causing specialist of a particular group (confirmed cancerogenity for man) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/OMS)[3,4]. All structure material contains common radioactive nuclides primarily normal radionuclide of uranium ( 238 U) and thorium ( 232 Th) to decide and foresee the gas radon focus because of structure materials. Radon is viewed as a contaminant that influences air quality.