Research Article Contamination of Hospital Water Supplies in Gilan, Iran, with Legionella pneumophila, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Masoumeh Ahmadi Jalali Moghadam, 1 Hamidreza Honarmand, 2 and Sajad Asfaram Meshginshahr 3 1 Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 2 Department of Microbiology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 3 Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch, Lahijan, Iran Correspondence should be addressed to Hamidreza Honarmand; honarmand.3@gmail.com Received 24 May 2015; Revised 23 August 2015; Accepted 26 August 2015 Academic Editor: Ashrafus Safa Copyright © 2015 Masoumeh Ahmadi Jalali Moghadam et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Tis study is designed to determine the contamination degree of hospital water supplies with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella pneumophila, and E. coli in Gilan, Iran. Samples were collected directly into sterile containers and concentrated by centrifuge. Half part of any sample transferred to yeast extract broth and the second part transferred to Trypticase Soy Broth and incubated for 3 days. DNA was extracted by using commercial kit. Four rounds of PCR were performed as follows: multiplex PCR for detecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Integron 1, and Metallo--lactamases gene; PCR for detecting Legionella pneumophila and mip gene separately; PCR for detecting E. coli; and another PCR for detecting whole bacterial presence. Contamination rates of cold, warm, and incubator water samples with P. aeruginosa, were 16.6%, 37.5%, and 6.8% consequently. Degrees of contamination with L. pneumophila were 3.3%, 9.3%, and 10.9% and with E. coli were zero, 6.2%, and zero. Total bacterial contamination of cold, warm, and incubator water samples was 93.3%, 84.4%, and 89.0% consequently. Metallo--lactamases gene was found in 20.0% of all samples. Contamination degree with P. aeruginosa was considerable and with L. pneumophila was moderate. Metallo--lactamases gene was found frequently indicating widespread multiple drug resistance bacteria. We suggest using new decontamination method based on nanotechnology. 1. Introduction Nosocomial infection is an infection whose development is favored by a hospital environment. Microorganisms can be transmitted to the host by contaminated items, such as water. Water may be contaminated in many ways. Te diferent forms of contamination come from diferent sources and are dealt with in diferent ways [1]. Te three main forms of water contamination are physical, bacterial, and chemical [2]. Contamination can occur at the source, between source and storage points or in storage tanks. Defective joints, syphonage, rusted pipelines, and crossing over of sewage pipelines are other causes of contamination [3]. So, drinking water distribution systems may contain a diverse microbio- logical community that may include opportunistic pathogens and it is the most important single source of human exposure to gastroenteric diseases, mainly as a result of the ingestion of microbial contaminated water [4]. Hospital outbreaks are usually associated with contam- ination of water sources [5]. Water contamination of respi- rators and incubators of newborns are the main sources of transfer [6, 7]. Te cooling tower and the air condition system have also been reported to be sources of several outbreaks [8]. Man-made water systems especially hot water systems are main sources of Legionella [9]. Tese bacteria survive in bioflm and resist against chlorine and other disinfectants [9]. A wide variety of opportunistic pathogens such as Pseu- domonas can be incorporated into the piped potable water, colonizing the surfaces of pipelines with high numbers of bioflm-forming bacteria [10]. In addition, in bacteriological Hindawi Publishing Corporation Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases Volume 2015, Article ID 809842, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/809842