Research Article
QoS and QoE Aware N-Screen Multicast Service
Ghulam Sarwar, Farman Ullah, and Sungchang Lee
Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Deogyang-gu, Goyang-si,
Gyeonggi-do 412-791, Republic of Korea
Correspondence should be addressed to Sungchang Lee; sclee@kau.ac.kr
Received 17 December 2015; Accepted 29 March 2016
Academic Editor: Marco Anisetti
Copyright © 2016 Ghulam Sarwar et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Te paper focuses on ensuring the quality-of-service (QoS) and quality-of-experience (QoE) requirements of users having
heterogeneous devices in a multicast session. QoS parameters such as bit rate, delays, and packet losses are good indicators for
optimizing network services but fall short in characterizing user perception (QoE). In N-Screen service, the users have diferent
devices with heterogeneous attributes like screen size, resolution, and access network interface, and the users have diferent QoE on
N-Screen devices with the same QoS parameters. We formulate the objective function of the N-Screen multicast grouping to ensure
the minimum user’s QoE with smaller bandwidth requirement. We propose a dynamic user reassignment scheme to maintain and
satisfy the QoE by adapting the user’s membership to the varying network conditions. Te proposed schemes combine the available
bandwidth and multimedia visual quality to ensure the QoS and QoE. In the network architecture, we introduce the functions of
the QoS and QoE aware multicast group management and the estimation schemes for the QoS and QoE parameters. Te simulation
results show that the proposed multicast service ensures the network QoS and guarantees the QoE of users in the varying network
conditions.
1. Introduction
Multimedia streaming is one of the fastest growing appli-
cations and the last decade alone has witnessed a rapid
development in the complexity of smart devices and commu-
nication technologies. Te interactive advertisement bureau
report states that about 69% of users have 4-Screens [1]
active and about 90% of the users’ interaction is through
Multi-Screen [2]. N-Screen, also termed as Multi-Screen, has
diferent attributes such as network interfaces, media codecs,
screen resolutions, computing, and storage. N-Screen service
enables users to access and share the content from the same
source through heterogeneous devices from any location
and at any time [3, 4]. Te ubiquity of communication
technologies and smart devices demands that users should
be able to access their subscribed services through any of
the available networks such as 3G, 4G, LTE, and WiFi, as
well as through any device such as smart phones, laptops,
desktops, and tablets. N-Screen multimedia service demands
extensive bandwidth to ensure the quality of service (QoS).
A lack of bandwidth could cause higher end-to-end delay,
video jitter, and packet losses. Cisco forecasts that by 2019,
80% of the global IP data will be video trafc. Moreover,
the heterogeneity of N-Screen devices raises new questions
about the multimedia QoS and user’s experience on diferent
terminals [4, 5]. Te challenges that come with a rapid
increase in mobile video trafc and ensuring multimedia QoS
and user’s quality of experience (QoE) on mobile devices can
be addressed by either boosting the network capacity or by
ofoading trafc from the core and backhaul networks [6].
Tis paper presents a novel N-Screen multimedia multicast
scheme to minimize the trafc and ensure that the QoE
requirements of all group users on their N-Screen devices are
met.
Te huge growth rates of multimedia services utilize
higher bandwidth and cause congestion in the core network.
IP multicast [7] is a technique designed to conserve the
network bandwidth by sending a single stream to multiple
hosts simultaneously which helps in reducing the core net-
work trafc. Te multicast stream receiving nodes can have
diferent capabilities and QoS and QoE requirements. IP mul-
ticast synchronizes the content transmission rate to the worst
channel conditions among the multicast users that cause the
traditional bandwidth fairness problem. To improve fairness
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Journal of Sensors
Volume 2016, Article ID 8040138, 11 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8040138