International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 06 | June 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 328 Study of Hypocalcemic Cardiac Disorder by Analyzing the Features of ECG Signal Using DWT Technique Deeksha Bekal Gangadhar 1 , Dr. Ananth A. G. 2 1 Student, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NMAMIT, Nitte, Karnataka, India 2 Professor, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NMAMIT, Nitte, Karnataka, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Heart diseases are one of the most fatal diseases leading to deaths if they are not diagnosed and treated properly on time. The electrical signals (ECG signals) from the heart are monitored for detecting the cardiac disorders and heart diseases. The ECG signals are significantly affected by the various noises produced by the electronic devices used for monitoring the ECG signals. It is very essential to develop an effective de-noising technique to generate accurate ECG signals to monitor diseases in heart patients. Further the strategies are development and designed for the detection of hypocalcaemia from the QRS complex of the ECG signal using wavelet transform technique. The paper presents the effective de-noising technique and statistical parameters like Mean Square Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) and Percentage Deviation (PD) are estimated for the ECG signal which gives the amount of error in the ECG signal. The comparison between parameter is made to distinguish between healthy person and the cardiac patients. Key Words: AD, Hypocalcemia, DWT, ECG, Mean, MSE, PD, RMSD. 1. INTRODUCTION The electrical wave duration decides whether the electrical activity is normal, slow or irregular. Range of the frequencies of an ECG signal is 0.05–100 Hz. ECG signal has five peaks that are named as P, Q, R, S and T. Another peak called U is also seen in some cases[1]. P, QRS and T are the waves present in ECG signal. The wave corresponds atria depolarization, ventricular depolarization, and ventricular re-polarization. ECG signal showing various peak intervals is as shown in Figure 1. ECG signal has three segments namely, PR segment, ST segment and TP segment. Normally, P-R interval is in the range of 0.12 to 0.2 second. Range of QRS interval is from 0.04 to 0.1 second and the Q-T interval is less than 0.42 second[2]. Usually ECG signals are contaminated by various kinds of noise. Hence proper de- noising of the ECG signal is carried out. Wavelet transform is applied to the de-noised ECG signal to obtain various peaks in the ECG signal like Q, R and S-peak. From the peaks the average rise time and average fall time of ECG signal is determined. From the detected Q, R and S-peaks the QRS complex is determined. With the help of detected QRS complex, the interval between QRS complex of ECG signal is calculated. After the calculation of these interval, hypocalcemia is determined[4]. From the resulting value of QRS complex it is detected whether the patient is normal or not. Patient is normal if he has a QRS complex within 0.1 second other than this range it is seen that hypocalcaemia is present. Fig -1: ECG signal showing various peak intervals[3]. Mean value is determined for the occurrence of QRS complex of ECG signal obtained from the Q, R and S-peaks. From the determined mean value and sum of squared difference of occurrence of the interval the value of RMSD is calculated. Deviation of the value from mean value is determined. Average Deviation (AD) from mean is calculated. From the values of mean and average deviation from mean the Percentage Deviation (PD) is calculated. 2. LITERATURE SURVEY Muhammad Arzaki et al. 2017 [5], describes about the Mean Square Error (MSE). MSE is a method to evaluate the difference between actual and predicted data. Modjtaba Rouhani et al. 2009 [6], describes about the RMSD. RMSD is the square root of average of squared errors. It is a non negative value. Lower RMSD yields better results.. It is a measure of accuracy to compare errors. Nicolae Marius Roman et al. 2015 [7], describes about hypocalcemia. The condition in which there is lower levels of calcium in plasma. If the ECG signal has prolongation of QT