Re-Emerging Deadly Nipah Virus Outbreak in India: Advancing Nipah Roadmap Investment for Rapid Response and Community Resilience Methods Implementation Ernest Tambo 1,2 * and Ashraf G El-Dessouky 3,4 1 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Saudi Arabia 2 Africa Disease Intelligence and Surveillance, Cameroon 3 Microbiology Unit, Saudi Arabia 4 Biochemical Genetic Unit, Egypt Abstract The ongoing re-emerging Nipah Virus (NiV) outbreak represents serious public and global health concern with 12 deaths including 3 laboratories confirmed, and over 25 suspected cases in Kozhikode district, Southwest coast of India. Overall, more than 100 deaths out of over 600 reported human cases have been reported since 1998 mainly in Bangladesh, Malaysia, Singapore and elsewhere. Fostering R&D and operational research priority on NiV and risk factors mapping in forecasting and modelling in improving further R&D investment for better communities’ preparedness and similar to Ebola and SARS viruses’ outbreaks threats and consequences. NiV outbreak R&D roadmap leadership and investment is crucial to ensure availability of diagnostic tools, accurate and timely safe drugs NiV/HeV infection or vaccine for scale immunization in endemic areas in addition to community awareness and training, health education and resilience programs is vital to increase the likelihood and sustainable development. Keywords: Nipah virus; Outbreak; Roadmap; R&D; Vaccine, Alertness; Capacity building India; Bangladesh; Malaysia; Singapore Introduction The ongoing re-emerging Nipah Virus (NiV) outbreak also called “Mystery Disease” led to 12 deaths including 3 laboratories confirmed, and over 25 suspected cases more have been hospitalized in health centers represents serious public and global health concern in Kozhikode district, Southwest coast of India and worldwide [1]. The virus causes severe disease in both humans and animals with reported the fatality rate up to 40-75% in previous outbreaks. Kerala state is a tourism hub and home of about 33.3 million Indians. It was first identified during and reported a 1998 outbreak among pig farmers from Kampung Sungai Nipah in Malaysia and spread to Singapore with more than 100 deaths and nearly 300 human infected cases cumulatively [2,3]. Previous two reported NiV outbreaks in 2001 and 2007 outbreaks claimed 50 lives in India alone, whereas Bangladesh has borne the brunt of Nipah viral disease in recent years, with more than 100 deaths out of over 600 reported human cases between 1998 and 2015 since its first outbreak reported in 2001 [2-4]. The identified virus source in 2004 was reported from humans became infected with Nipah after eating date palm sap contaminated by infected fruit bats [3,5]. Nipah Virus (NiV) is a newly emerging virus caused a zoonotic virus of the Henipa Virus (HeV) genus that is normally hosted by fruit bats (natural hosts of the virus) to other species, which gets transferred from animals to humans, and it causes severe disease in both animals as well as humans [5]. The natural host of the virus is fruit bats of the “Pteropodidae Family, Pteropus genus”. It is often carried by fruit bats to humans, bat secretions can also spread to domestic and wildlife animals notably pigs, human-to-human close contact with infected patients, blood or body fluid samples and contaminated raw food products and cause disease pathophysiology in vulnerable populations [1-3,6,7]. Yet wild bats are common in this part Crimson Publishers Wings to the Research Review Article * 1 Corresponding author: Ernest Tam- bo, Biochemistry and Molecular Biolo- gy Unit, Public Health Pests laboratory, Jeddah Governate, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Submission: May 24, 2018 Published: March 22, 2019 Volume 5 - Issue 2 How to cite this article: Shu T Z, Fu Chen L, Jian H, Li Li, Hao Q. Effects of Smoking on Chronic Kidney Disease. Environ Anal Eco stud. 5(2). EAES.000609.2019. DOI: 10.31031/EAES.2019.05.000609 Copyright@ Ernest Tambo, This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited. ISSN: 2578-0336 1 Environmental Analysis & Ecology Studies