Hume’s Science of Mind and Newtonianism
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Subscriber: Bodleian Libraries of the University of Oxford; date: 02 September 2019
Subject: Philosophy, History of Western Philosophy (Post-Classical)
Online Publication Date: Aug 2019 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199930418.013.19
Hume’s Science of Mind and Newtonianism
Tamás Demeter
The Oxford Handbook of Newton
Edited by Eric Schliesser and Chris Smeenk
Abstract and Keywords
This chapter explores the prospects and consequences of various ways to forge Newton
ian connections to Hume’s philosophy. Two points of view are offered from which these
connections are visible and evaluable: first, Hume’s experimental method for the studying
of the mind, particularly his reliance on analysis, synthesis and successive approxima
tions in relation to Newton’s method and Newton-inspired methodologies; and second,
the relation of Hume’s model of the mind to Newton’s model of the natural world, particu
larly the congruence of Hume’s theory of association with the chemical idea of elective
affinities as opposed to gravity. In conclusion, the chapter summarizes the significance of
these connections for competing interpretations of Hume’s science of the mind.
Keywords: gravity, association, elective affinities, successive approximations, experimental method, analysis, syn
thesis, chemistry, model of the mind
Introduction
There is widespread agreement among Hume scholars that Hume’s philosophy can find a
meaningful place in the Newtonian tradition.
1
There are some commentators (see e.g.,
Barfoot 1990, Sapadin 1997) who are inclined to think that Hume’s attempt in the Trea
tise of Human Nature “to introduce the experimental method of reasoning into moral sub
jects,” as its subtitle announces, alludes more to Boyle than to Newton (e.g., Barfoot
1990, Schliesser 2009a), but they represent a minority view. Among those emphasizing
the Newtonian connections of Hume’s philosophy, the dominant focus is on the connec
tions with the Principia. By contrast, the connections with the Opticks and the research
traditions it initiated are less frequently paid attention to.
I find most plausible the view that Hume’s work should be placed in the context of
Opticks-inspired Newtonianism.
2
I argue that for a general interpretation of the Humean
theory of mind the stance a commentator takes concerning the character of Hume’s New
tonianism has real significance: Principia- and Opticks-inspired stances suggest and sup
port divergent lines of interpretations in Hume’s philosophy of mind and epistemology.