Mindful Activism: Embracing the Complexities of International
Border Crossings
Kathryn L. Norsworthy
Rollins College
I am one of many psychologists from the minority world, or Global North, who regularly
travel to the Global South, or majority world, to engage in activist research and practice.
Drawing on postcolonial and decolonial frameworks, this testimonio discusses tensions and
complexities that arise in these transnational border crossings, particularly given the current
internationalization movement in U.S. psychology. A testimonio is a first-person narrative of
experiences with oppression, resilience, and empowerment, that can “re-script history . . . and
re-inscribe otherwise ignored stories” (Smith, 2010, p. 21). Following a description of a
decolonizing praxis of mindful activism (Norsworthy & Khuankaew, 2006), I chronicle
several examples of challenges my colleagues from Thailand and Burma and I have traversed
in our efforts to employ a decolonial feminist liberation approach in our work in Southeast
Asia.
Keywords: internationalization, feminist liberation psychology, postcolonial, decolonial,
testimonio
For the last 20 years, I have traveled regularly to South-
east Asia, accompanying local people and groups in their
social justice and peacebuilding work. These international
border crossings have provided fertile ground for reflecting
on the “how” of effectively working in communities and
countries outside the United States.
In 1997, I met my long-time friend and colleague, Ouy-
porn Khuankaew. Ouyporn is a Thai, engaged Buddhist,
feminist activist, public intellectual, and facilitator of a wide
range of social justice and peacebuilding projects in South-
east Asia. Her graduate training focused on the popular
education approach of Paulo Freire (1972) and other liber-
ation educators. For years before we met, Ouyporn had been
engaging in fieldwork centering on a variety of social issues
in Thailand and with Cambodian refugee communities.
For our first Thailand project together, Ouyporn and I
conducted a workshop focusing on violence against women.
When we began the project, we both assumed that I would
teach and she would translate. Shortly into our first day, I
asked participants to form small groups in preparation for
sharing their interests in the workshop topic and identifying
their personal goals for the 4 days we were to be together.
Quickly, it became clear that Ouyporn was doing much
more than translating. I could not understand the Thai
language, but I suspected that she was cofacilitating, ex-
panding, and elaborating to increase the relevance of the
upcoming activity. This pattern continued throughout the
day. That evening we debriefed and Ouyporn confirmed that
she was indeed contextualizing the content as well as adding
ideas to engage the group and encourage their participation
in the exercises. We agreed that we would be a much more
effective team if we based our work on values of mutuality
and power-sharing. For the remainder of the workshop, we
did our best to embody these principles as cofacilitators in
partnership with the group. Participants accessed their own
wisdom as they defined gender-based violence; actively
analyzed its root causes based on their social, political, and
cultural contexts; shared personal experiences; and articu-
lated strategies for healing and social change.
Upon reflection, I entered that project assuming the “ex-
pert” position and Ouyporn took on the role of “support.”
We enacted a hegemonic global politic in which the knowl-
edge and practices of “first world” countries set the standard
Editor’s note. Kathyrn Norsworthy received the 2017 APA Interna-
tional Humanitarian Award. This article is based on an invited presentation
at the 125th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Associa-
tion, held August 3– 6, 2017, Washington, DC.
Author’s note. Kathryn L. Norsworthy, Department of Graduate Stud-
ies in Counseling, Rollins College.
The author gratefully acknowledges Rollins College for the consistent
travel support for our work over the last 20 years. The author wishes to
express deep appreciation to my dear friend, teacher, and colleague, Ouy-
porn Khuankaew, who has read and approved the content of this article. I
extend my heartfelt respect to my local collaborators from Thailand and
Burma, from and with whom I continue to learn and grow.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Kathryn
L. Norsworthy, Department of Graduate Studies in Counseling, Rollins
College, Winter Park, Box 2726, FL 32789. E-mail: knorsworthy@rollins
.edu
This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.
This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly.
American Psychologist © 2017 American Psychological Association
2017, Vol. 72, No. 9, 1035–1043 0003-066X/17/$12.00 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/amp0000262
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