Available online www.jsaer.com Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 117 Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2019, 6(3):117-122 Review Article ISSN: 2394-2630 CODEN(USA): JSERBR Steganography Uses and Various Techniques using Digital Images Muhanad Faris Saleh, Akram Abdul Maujood Dawood Computer Engineering Department, Mosul University, Iraq muhanadfaris.83@gmail.com , akram.dawood80@gmail.com Abstract In recent years, the rapid growth of information technology and digital communication has become very important to secure information transmission between the sender and receiver. The art of information hiding has received much attention in the recent years as security of information has become a big concern in this internet era. Steganography – the art and science of hiding information into the other information so that the hidden information appears to be nothing to the human eyes has gained much attention. There are many ways to hide information inside an image, audio/video, document etc. But Image Steganography has its own advantages and is most popular among the others. This paper includes the important steganography methods and the main focus is on the review of steganography in digital images steganographic techniques in spatial domain such as least significant bit (LSB), pixel value differencing (PVD). The different aspects on which the steganography method depends are: robustness, capacity, undetectability. Keywords Steganography, Least significant bit (LSB), Pixel value differencing (PVD), Capacity, Stego-image, cover-image 1. Introduction Over the last two decades, the rapid development of internet requires confidential information that needs to be protected from the unauthorized users. This is accomplished through Data hiding. It is a method of hiding secret messages into a cover medium so that an unintended observer will not be aware of the existence of the hidden messages. This is achieved by steganography. The term steganography is retrieved from the Greek words stegos means cover and grafia meaning writing defining it as covered writing.[1]. Steganography is a technology that is used to hide secret information in digital media, thus hiding the fact that secret communication is taking place. By hiding secret information in less suspicious digital media, well-known channels, for example e-mail and social networking sites, are avoided, thereby reducing the risk of information being leaked in transit. Steganography is a technology concerned with ways of embedding a secret message in a cover message also known as a cover object in such a way that the existence of the embedded information is hidden. A secret message can be plaintext, ciphertext, an image, or anything that can be represented as a bit stream. The embedding process is sometimes parameterised by a secret key, called a stego key, and without knowledge of this key it is difficult for an unauthorised party to detect and extract the secret message. Once the cover object has information embedded in it, it is called a stego object. Steganography equation is ‘Stego-medium = Cover medium + Secret message + Stego key. Theg eneral model of data hiding can be described as follows. The embedded data is the message that one wishes to send secretly. It is usually hidden in an innocuous message referred to as a cover text or cover-image or cover-audio as appropriate, producing the stego-text or other stego-object.