Vacuum Plumbing and Drainage System Mr. Shahbaz Afzal 1 Mr. Azhar Ayyub 2 1,2 PG Scholar 1,2 Faculty of Architecture and Ekistics 1,2,3 Central University Jamia Millia Islamia-New Delhi, India ABSTRACT Water war is often said future wars will be fought over water. In the 20 th century the use of water need twice due to the increasing the population of the world. The increase of the water demand led to negative impact on the water consumption. According to the NASA’s satellite data revealed that 21 of the world’s 37 large aquifer are severely water- stressed with growing populations, and increased demand from agriculture and industry, researcher indicate that the crisis is only likely to worsen. So, researcher concerned since the 20 th century with the minimize the use of the water consumption & developed the Vacuum plumbing system to save the water consumption. The vacuum plumbing system is technologically, environmentally, economically and socially more sustainable in comparison with the conventional solutions for the wastewater collection. A comparative analysis between two variants of the same project considering vacuum and conventional sewerage technologies was performed, in terms of Sustainability, Health and Safety, Cost, Design and Construction Flexibility and one important factor are water saving. The analysis of the case study provides evidence to support the hypothesis that the vacuum technology can succeed in overcoming the environmental crises by internalizing the externalities, having the capacity to improve environmental factors, reduce energy and maintenance costs. Besides, this study shows the need to provide a framework for further analysis that is essential for the promotion of eco- innovation. The aim of this research to introduced one of the smart technology; vacuum plumbing system used in the building and the lots of benefits in terms of; water saving & sustainability, renovation & historical projects, open architecture design, Health & safety, cost reduction. Keywords: vacuum plumbing, pressure, water conservation, sustainability & eco-innovation. I. INTRODUCTION Vacuum plumbing systems are simple and viable alternatives to underground piping that uses the combined energies of vacuum pressure and gravity for the collection, conveyance and disposal of waste through a piping network that can be routed above ground. Vacuum drainage operates on the principal of having a majority of the plumbing system under a continuous vacuum. It is worked on the based on the use of differential air pressure (negative pressure) to transport the waste from the origin point to the waste collection (vacuum center) in the piping network vacuum pressure maintained 16-18 Hg to transport the waste collection. Waste is temporarily held at the vacuum center before being discharged to the waste line or contaminated vessels. II. METHOD OF OPERATION A Vacuum Drainage System consists of three basic components. These are the following primary components in a vacuum plumbing system. a) Vacuum Interface Valves and Intermediate Waste Collection Points The vacuum interface component allow waste to be introduced into the vacuum waste piping network and transported to the vacuum center. These component include the following; an intermediate waste collection vessel know as accumulator and a normally closed interface valve is known as the extraction valve. The extraction valve which separates atmospheric pressure at the accumulator from vacuum pressure in the piping network and controller which is used to operate the extraction valve. The water closet extraction valve is connected to the toilet waste outlet and it is used to separate the toilet from the piping network. When the flush valve is press, the controller operate the extraction valve, the valve is open to allow the atmospheric pressure at the toilet bowl to flush waste to the waste outlet through the extraction valve into the waste piping, due to air is used to carry waste water, there is no water required to flush cycle. In the vacuum system only ½ gallon i.e 1.875 Lt of water is required per flush, vacuum toilet provide a feature of reduction in water and as well as sewage output. The reduced water requirement also allow water supply line sizing to be significantly smaller than the conventional flush valve. In case of grey water, standard fixture is used to drain via gravity to a temporary waste collection vessel is also known as accumulation. The accumulator typically connected to gravity piping via p-trap outlet service the lavatory basin, floor drain, mob sink or shower drain waste. As the accumulator fills, a passive sensor port give the indication to the controller, the controller open the extraction valve and to allow the atmospheric pressure to enter in the accumulator and aerates the waste piping network. The extraction valve is connected between the piping network and accumulator. The extraction valve is remains open until the waste does not cleared from the accumulator. The waste is in the horizontal branch and main line routing to the vacuum center, waste collection tank via gravity but is assisted along the way via differential air pressure (negative pressure) introduced with subsequently activation of the extraction valve. The waste collection reached to the vacuum center, it is temporary collection held before discharge to the sewer line. In case of kitchen used the grease trap or grease interceptor to prevent the blockage of the piping network or sewer line.