Research Article
Salvaging Digital Replantation and Revascularisation:
Efficiency of Heparin Solution Subcutaneous Injection
Haz Alfeky ,
1
Paul McArthur,
2
and Yasser Helmy
3
1
Consultant Plastic Surgeon, Plastic Surgery Department, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
2
Consultant Plastic Surgery, Whiston Hospital, Liverpool, UK
3
Professor of Plastic Surgery, Alazhar University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
Correspondence should be addressed to Haz Alfeky; halfeky@nhs.net
Received 29 April 2018; Revised 4 September 2018; Accepted 31 October 2018; Published 21 November 2018
Academic Editor: Selahattin
¨
Ozmen
Copyright © 2018 Haz Alfeky et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Background. Distal digital replantation and revascularisation remains one of the demanding microsurgical procedures due to the
difculty of vascular anastomosis. Venous congestion is the most commonly encountered problem afer replantation due to the
difculty of venous anastomosis in traumatic injuries. Heparin, among other drugs, is commonly used to facilitate venous drainage
and prevent thrombosis. However, systemic heparin can be contraindicated in some patients. Te senior author has experience
of subcutaneous heparin injection for venous congestion in thirteen patients. Methods. An amount of 1 ml of calcium heparin
(25,000 U) was mixed in 2.4 ml of normal saline making a solution that has 1000 U per 0.1 ml. 1000 U (0.1 ml) of the solution was
injected directly into the congested replanted digits. Tis was repeated twice daily until venous congestion improved. Results. All
the congested replanted digits survived without systemic side efects. Tere were no local side efects of the treatment. Te PT and
APTT have shown slight increase but they remained within the normal range. Haemoglobin levels have dropped slightly but no
patients were at any risk of developing anaemia or needed blood transfusion. Conclusions. Subcutaneous heparin injections can
salvage the replanted digits when venous congestion is a warning fag for replantation failure. It is safe and very efcient in patients
where systemic heparin cannot be administered. However, this article shows the results in only thirteen patients which is a small
number to show the efcacy, safety, and side efects.
1. Introduction
Te hand is the most injured organ in our bodies and due to
the recent workplace regulations, the incidences of nonfatal
workplace amputations have decreased [1].
Recovery of both psychological and physical function
requires fnger replantation surgery when possible, because
successful replantation helps restore the aesthetics of the
patient’s hand as well as its previous functions [2–5].
Distal replantation is considered to be one of the most
challenging surgeries carried out by hand surgeons due to
its technical difculty, time consumption, and outcomes.
Despite all of that, over the last few decades there have
been successful and promising results with a success rate
comparable to the elective free fap procedures.
Te very frst fnger replantation was reported in 1968.
Since then, there have been many reports that have shown
the steady progress and advancement of the technique [6–
8]. Arterial anastomosis is crucial for the survival of the
replanted part. Tis can be augmented by venous anastomosis
[5]. However venous insufciency can happen in replanted
digits. If this happens, then necrotic changes could be unpre-
ventable if not treated. Unfortunately, venous insufciency
is more common in replanted tips, in children, and in
signifcant trauma [9, 10].
Studies indicate that using heparin solution in microvas-
cular anastomosis improves the outcomes of the surgery. Tis
is usually achieved through intermittent bolus intravenous
injection [4, 6, 11]. Barnett et al. [12] frst described using
direct heparin injection into the congested replanted fngers
managing to save three patients with postreplantation venous
congestion. Jeng et al. [13, 14] and Iglesias and Butron [15]
have investigated the pharmacokinetics of the subcutaneous
heparin injections.
Hindawi
Surgery Research and Practice
Volume 2018, Article ID 1601738, 6 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1601738