64 — Hastie and Trost
Student Physical Activity Levels
During a Season of Sport Education
Peter A. Hastie and Stewart G. Trost
The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which sport educa-
tion can provide students with sufficient opportunities for developing moder-
ate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Nineteen seventh-grade boys (av-
erage age = 12.9 yrs.) participated in a 22-lesson season of floor hockey. For
all students (both higher and lower skilled), students averaged a total of 31.6
min of MVPA during the season, or 63.2% of lesson time. Further, there was
no significant difference according to skill level {33.4 min (Higher) vs. 30.4
min (Lower), nor were there any significant differences in MVPA levels across
the phases of the season.
A traditional goal of physical education that has received renewed emphasis
is that of providing physical activity to children, particularly given increasing evi-
dence that physical activity is associated with short and long-term health benefits
in youth (11, 18). Indeed the National Association of Sport and Physical Education
(9) lists two of its national standards as “exhibits a physically active lifestyle,” and
“achieves and maintains a health-enhancing level of physical fitness.” Further-
more, objective 22.10 of the Healthy People 2010 report recommends a minimum
of 50% of lesson time in physical education be spent in moderate-to-vigorous physi-
cal activity (MVPA) (20).
Despite these objectives, physical education has demonstrated a frequent
inability to meet the challenge of providing sufficient MVPA in classes. Studies by
Simons-Morton et al. (13,14) indicate that, on average, less than 10% of physical
education class time is spent in MVPA. In a review of children’s heart rates during
physical education lessons, Stratton (15) also confirmed that a majority of lessons
failed to achieve the 50% criteria.
While physical education classes may not be providing sufficient activity
levels, there is a strong relationship between participation in sports and physical
activity. In a study of 183 12-to 14-year olds, Katzmarzyk and Malina (8) found
participation in organized sports to account for between 16 and 20% of daily total
energy expenditure and between 55 and 65% of physical activity energy expendi-
ture. Utilizing data from the 1990 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) Pate and
colleagues (10) found that over 60% of United States high school students meet-
ing guidelines for participation in physical activity reported participation in
64
P.A. Hastie is with the Dept. of Health & Human Performance at Auburn University,
Auburn, AL 36849-5323. S.G. Trost is with the School of Human Movement Studies at The
University of Queensland.
Pediatric Exercise Science, 2002, 14, 64-74
© 2002 Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc.