Conradiana, vol. 48, no. 1, 2016 © Texas Tech University Press
False Flag at Greenwich: “Bourdin’s Folly,”
the Nicoll Pamphlet, and Te Secret Agent
1
NIC PANAGOPOULOS
national and kapodistrian university of athens
Keywords: Te Secret Agent, Te Greenwich Outrage, history of anar-
chism, false fag terrorism, nineteenth-century popular press
ABSTRACT:
Reviewing the extensive bibliography on the case, the present paper corrobo-
rates David Nicoll’s thesis in Te Greenwich Mystery! (1897) that the terrorist
outrage constituted a false fag attack designed to discredit the anarchist move-
ment and justify changes to Britain’s asylum laws. Te paper also fnds that the
Nicoll pamphlet, rather than private communication with an “omniscient
friend,” represents the primary source of Te Secret Agent (1906), furnishing
Conrad with details about the plot, the various parties involved, and even the
explosive device used. On the other hand, although Conrad would have been
suspicious of the ofcial narrative promoted by the press following the attack,
professional reasons led him to emulate the London dailies to the extent of
presenting the Greenwich bombing in a sensationalist and xenophobic light in
Te Secret Agent. Moreover, it is argued that Conrad’s precarious position as a
Polish émigré and asylum-seeker in Britain prompted him not only to psy-
chologize many of the crucial political issues arising from the incident, but
also to downplay domestic complicity in the terrorist plot in favor of foreign
involvement from far-away “Crim-Tartary.” We conclude that the false fag
paradigm which Conrad, following Nicoll, uses to account for the terrorist
attack nicknamed “Bourdin’s Folly” implies that resistance is itself hijacked by
those forces that have vested interests in sustaining a “bad world for poor
people.”