Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Introduction Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), defned as the loss of three or more consecutive pregnancies, affects 1% of couples trying to conceive. It has been estimated that 1–2% of second-trimester pregnancies miscarry before 24weeks of gestation. 1 Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is caused by various genetic and non-genetic factors. After chromosome abnormality, thrombophilia is one of the most important genetic factors that could cause RPL. Factor V Leiden and factor II G20210A mutation were the most common cause of thrombophilia in the world. 2 Factor V is one of the essential clotting factors in the coagulation cascade. Its active form, factor Va, acts as a cofactor allowing factor X to stimulate the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Activated protein C is a natural anticoagulant it limits the extent of clotting by destroying factor V and reducing further thrombin formation. Heterozygosity for a mutation in the coagulation factor V gene leads to resistance to activated protein C and represents the most common cause of inherited thrombophilia. 3 Recently several studies have suggested that FVL mutation, through the production of micro thrombosis on placental bed blood vessels, causes low placental perfusion, placental infarction, and is strongly associated with RPL and maternal and fetal complications. 4 Some studies have demonstrated an association between recurrent pregnancy loss and prothrombotic states rendered by some genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms of factor V Leiden G1691A. 2,5‒7 Etiology is determined in approximately 50% of couples with RPL. Most of the diagnosed etiologies include endocrine abnormalities, autoimmune disorders, uterine anomalies, and genetic factors. Still, 50% of couples have no known etiology. 8 The aim of the current study was to correlate heterozygosity of maternal factor V G1691A (Leiden) and relationship with times of pregnancy loss among unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. Materials and methods Ethical approval was obtained from Omdurman Maternal hospital Informed consent was obtained from all patients. Genomic DNA samples of 195 Sudanese women who recruited and followed at Omdurman Maternal hospital were screened from Aug 2012 to Dec 2014. Hundred females had a history of RPL and were considered the cases and they were compared to 95 healthy reproductive Sudanese women, as control group, who had a history of two or more successful live births. Cases and controls were tested for the FV Leiden G1691A and FII G20210A. Genomic DNA was extracted from 3–5ml of EDTA anti-coagulated blood by salting 9 using Master pure DNA purifcation Hematol Transfus Int J. 2018;6(5):208‒210. 208 © 2018 Babker et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially. Heterozygosity of maternal factor V G1691A (Leiden) and relationship with times of pregnancy loss among unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss women Volume 6 Issue 5 - 2018 Asaad MA Babker, 1 Fath Elrahman Mahdi Hassan Gameel, 2 Salaheldein G Elzaki 3 1 Department of Medical Laboratories Science, Gulf Medical University, UAE 2 College of applied medical science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia 3 Department of Epidemiology, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Sudan Correspondence: Asaad MA Babker, Department of Medical Laboratories Science, College of Health Science, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE, Email Received: August 30, 2018 | Published: October 29, 2018 Abstract Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined by the consecutive loss of two or more pregnancies with the same partner. Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) or recurrent miscarriage (RM) affects from 1-5% of the reproductive age couples. This diagnosis is both emotionally challenging and confusing for most couples, as the definitive diagnosis using conventional evaluations is found in fewer than half of the couples experiencing repeated loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inherited heterozygosity of factor five Leiden (FVL) G1691A and Its relation to the time of recurrent spontaneous pregnancy loss. Materials and methods: Retrospective case- control study, in which women with RPL were compared to healthy women without any evidence of spontaneous abortion. This study was undertaken at Omdurman maternity hospital in Khartoum state, Sudan. The case group consisted of one hundred women who experienced at least three or more consecutive recurrent spontaneous pregnancy loss that occurred before 20 weeks of gestation and the control group consisted of ninety five healthy women without any history of adverse pregnancy outcome.Questionnaire and direct interview were used to collect information. Genotyping was based on polymerase chain reaction. Data were entered and analyzed by SPSS program version 17.0. Result: Heterozygosity for FVL alleles G/A was 8.0% in all cases and 6.4% was found in control group. Related to association with time of recurrent pregnancy loss our result shows three times (37.5%), four times (50.0%) and five times (12.5%). Conclusion: Heterozygosity of FV Leiden G1691A could be one reason for recurrent pregnancy loss and pregnancy complications among women with unexplained pregnancy loss. Our study showed that there is an association between heterozygosity for FVL G1691A and time of recurrent pregnancy loss. Keywords: factor V leiden, G1691A, pregnancy loss, heterozygosity, RPL, protein C Hematology & Transfusion International Journal Research Article Open Access