59
T
his paper investigates a clay stopper from Boz Höyük
(Dinar, Afyon) in order to shed light on the character-
istics of sealing practices in western and central Anatolia
during the Early Bronze Age (EBA). The first part of the
study focuses on a detailed analysis of the artefact, a
survey find collected in 1952 by James Mellaart, subse-
quently published without much information provided
(Mellaart 1954: 216) and currently stored within the
premises of the British Institute at Ankara (cat. no.
AS4[1954]216 no. 466). The second part integrates the
results of the analysis within the context of the broader
region in order to assess how seals and sealings may have
been employed during the third millennium BC, exploring
their potential connection with systems of centralised
administration and assessing them in relation to the archae-
ological evidence for social complexity in EBA western
and central Anatolia.
Boz Höyük
The site of Boz Höyük is located on the northeastern
outskirts of the village of Yeşilhöyük on the plain of the
Büyük Menderes, the largest river in western Anatolia (fig.
1). The settlement was first identified by Mellaart, who
attributed the materials on the surface to the Chalcolithic
and Early Bronze Age periods (Mellaart 1954: 183, 185,
188, 223–29, 233). More recently Özdemir Koçak resur-
doi:10.1017/S0066154619000048
Reassessing western and central Anatolian
Early Bronze Age sealing practices:
a case from Boz Höyük (Afyon)
Michele Massa and Yusuf Tuna
Bilecik Şey Edebali University, Turkey, and Hacettepe University, Turkey
michele.massa@bilecik.edu.tr
Abstract
This paper presents a detailed investigation of an Early Bronze Age clay sealing from Boz Höyük, a settlement mound
located along the Büyük Menderes valley (inland western Anatolia). The artefact, clearly local in manufacture, was
employed as a stopper to seal a bottle/flask and impressed with two different stamp seals. These elements are compared
to all other published contemporary sealings in western and central Anatolia, in order to understand the degree of
complexity of sealing practices in the region. In turn, evidence of Early Bronze Age Anatolian sealing practices is
discussed in relation to the available evidence regarding the degree of social complexity in local communities. It is
suggested that, during the Early Bronze Age, sealings were employed for product branding rather than control over
storage and redistribution of commodities, and only at the beginning of the second millennium BC did the region witness
the introduction of complex administrative practices.
Özet
Bu makale, Büyük Menderes vadisinde (iç batı Anadolu) yer alan Boz Höyük yerleşmesinden ele geçen Erken Tunç
Çağı kil mühür baskısının detaylı bir incelemesidir. Açıkça yerel üretim olan bu kil mühür baskısı, bir şişeyi/flask
kapatmak için tıpa olarak kullanılmış olup, üzerinde iki farklı damga mühür baskısı bulunmaktadır. Bu unsurlar,
bölgedeki mühürleme uygulamalarının karmaşıklık derecesini anlamak için, Batı ve Orta Anadolu’da yayınlanmış diğer
çağdaş mühürlerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, Erken Tunç Çağı Anadolu mühürleme uygulamalarına ait kanıtların, yerel
topluluklardaki sosyal karmaşıklık derecesine ilişkin mevcut kanıtlarla bağlantısı tartışılmıştır. Tüm bu verilerin
sonucunda Erken Tunç Çağı boyunca, malların depolanması ve yeniden dağıtılması üzerinde kontrol sağlamak yerine,
ürün işaretlenmesi için mühürlerin kullanıldığı ve bölgede karmaşık idari uygulamaların ancak erken M.Ö. II. bin yılda
gözlemlenmeye başlandığı önerilmiştir.
Anatolian Studies 69 (2019): 59–75
© British Institute at Ankara 2019