Editorial
ISSN Online 0719-2479 - www.joralres.com © 2018 276
[Epub ahead of print]
Worldwide, head and neck malignancies are the eighth most frequent cause
of cancer mortality, and comprises about 8-10% of all cancers.
1
Cancer is a
pathological condition in which uncontrollable growth of cells invade and start
damaging surrounding tissue. Tese cells are called malignant or cancerous
cells. Oral cancer or mouth cancer mainly occurs on the lower lip, inside
the mouth, on salivary glands, tonsils, on the back of the throat, on the area
behind the third molars (retromolar trigone), esophagus, and on the tongue
and soft tissues of the mouth.
2
According to the National Institute of Dental
Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), it accounts for around 3% of all malignancies
or cancers diagnosed yearly in the United States. Cancer Research UK reported
7800 new cases each year of mouth and oropharyngeal cancer. Te statistics
regarding mouth cancer incidence is alarming for the next generation, so early
diagnosis by a non-invasive approach is useful for controlling it. Recognition
of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) presently relies on skilled clinical
investigation and histological study of suspicious areas, but at sites not easily
visibly, it might be go by unnoticeable.
2
Consequently, precise and sensitive
biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma might be supportive in early
diagnosis of high-risk patients.
3
Human oral fuid consists mainly of saliva produced by the salivary
glands, gingival crevicular fuid (GCF), secretions from labial mucosal glands
and oropharyngeal glands secretions.
4-6
Te main component of oral fuid
is saliva, and it contains much-hidden information of the human health
status. Previously our group reported on the importance of human saliva
as a diagnostic fuid and how to do the sampling and extraction of salivary
proteins.
7,8
Te value of saliva as a means for detection of oral malignancies
has been increasing in parallel with recent diagnostic technological advances.
6
Both saliva and blood are the most widely considered body fuids and may
provide defnitive biomarkers for early cancer detection.
5
Employing saliva is
a non-invasive and cost-efective technique compared to serum analysis and
is a useful body fuid comprising a collection of components (DNA, mRNA,
protein) which are used as biomarkers for translation, clinical applications,
western blot assays, enzyme-linked fuorescence assays and polymerase chain
reaction.
9-11
Whole saliva can be collected non-invasively, by the patients
themselves with no specialized technique with no requirements of specialized
apparatus, and it is also favorable for use in children as it is associated with a
higher acceptance rate. Salivary detection tools are of utmost signifcance as it
helps in screening, early detection of high-risk groups, patients with previous
cancer history as well as patients with pre-malignant lesions and it might
Saliva as a Diagnostic Tool in
Oral Malignancies.
Sadia Minhas
1
& Zohaib Khurshid.
2
Affiliations:
1
Department of Oral Pathology,
Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental Colleges,
Lahore, Pakistan.
2
Prosthodontics and Im-
plantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Conflict of interests: None.
Acknowledgements: None.
Cite as: Minhas S & Khurshid Z. Saliva as a
Diagnostic Tool in Oral Malignancies. J Oral Res
2018;7(8):276-277. doi: 10.17126/joralres.2018.071
Corresponding author: Zohaib Khurshid.
Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of
Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa
31982, Saudi Arabia. Phone: (966) 558420410.
E-mail: drzohaibkhurshid@gmail.com