Open Science and Open Access, a Scientific Practice for Sharing Knowledge Simone Belli 1  , Ronald Cardenas 2 , Martin Velez 2 , Ariana Rivera 2 , and Valeria Santoro 3 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Polticas y Sociologa, Madrid, Spain sbelli@ucm.es 2 Yachay Tech University, Urcuqui, Ecuador {ronadcardenas, martin.velez, ariana.riverah}@yachaytech.edu.ec 3 Barcelona Institute for Global Health Hospital Clnic Universitat de Barcelona. Carrer Rossell 132. 08036 Barcelona, Spain vsantorol@ub.edu Abstract. Digital transformation is changing communication in the academic community, breaking geographic barriers with facilities of com- munication between collaborators. However, countries and institutions are not in the same context about resources to build an open path for research production. For this reason, Open Access and Science are strate- gies of relevance that enable collaboration among researchers around the world and institutional areas. We do a systematic review with the aim of exploring the potentials, and limitations of Open Science (OS) and Open Access (OA) to scientific collaboration and production. We did an initial screening of an abstract of 1664 publications in Scopus to select 144 documents related. Finally, a detailed review of the articles presents 17 documents that deal specifically with the functionalities and barriers of OS and OA. The given arguments highlight the efficiency, and abilities to democratize the production of knowledge and to generate ideas and innovative solutions to current problems. Likewise, this article addresses the barriers found in the academic level. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the arguments treated by scientists in the dispute over whether to use it or not. Specifically, our objectives are to: (a) analyze the role of open science and open access in scientific production, (b) identify the barriers that authors experiment when opting for open access and open science. At last, we discuss the potential of OS to overcome the territo- rial, economic, and infrastructure barriers that certain researchers may experience in their production of scientific research collaboratively and equitably. Keywords: Scientific Collaboration · Open Access (OA) · Open Sci- ence (OS) · Knowledge democratization · Literature Review 1 Introduction The evolution of disciplinary scholarly practices has transformed knowledge pro- duction, with the introduction of technology in research being one of the major Copyright © 2019 for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) 2019 ICAI Workshops, pp. 156–167, 2019.