Risk Factor Profiles of Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, and Atrial Fibrillation: A Japanese Multicenter Cooperative Registry Shinichiro Uchiyama, MD, PhD,* Yoshisato Shibata, MD, PhD,† Takayuki Hirabayashi, MD, PhD,‡ Ban Mihara, MD, PhD,x Naohisa Hamashige, MD, PhD,// Kazuo Kitagawa, MD, PhD,{ Shinya Goto, MD, PhD,# Hideki Origasa, PhD,†† Kazuyuki Shimada, MD, PhD,‡‡ Hiroyuki Kobayashi, MD, PhD,** Mitsuhiro Isozaki, PhD,** and Yasuo Ikeda, MD, PhD,xx for the J-TRACE Investigators Objective: We sought to clarify risk factor profiles and current treatment of Japanese patients with stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) using the database of the Japan Thrombosis Registry for Atrial Fibrillation, Coronary, or Cerebrovascular Events (J-TRACE). Methods: J-TRACE is a nationwide multicenter cooperative cohort of Japanese patients with MI, stroke, and NVAF. Baseline characteristics of 8087 Japanese patients (5804 male, average age 68.7 years) with history of stroke (n 5 3554), MI (n 5 2291), or NVAF (n 5 2242) were analyzed. Results: History of stroke (14.7%) was more frequent than history of MI (2.6%) in pa- tients with stroke, whereas history of stroke (6.6%) was less frequent than history of MI (7.6%) in patients with MI. In patients with NVAF, history of stroke (14.3%) was far more frequent than history of MI (3.4%). Hypertension was more frequent in stroke (74.4%) than MI (62.0%) or NVAF (57.7%), whereas hypercholesterolemia, di- abetes mellitus, and cigarette smoking were more prevalent in patients with MI (56.1%, 35.1%, and 33.3%, respectively) than in those with stroke (35.7%, 22.4%, and 19.7%, respectively) or NVAF (26.9%, 17.2%, and 16.1%, respectively). Alcohol consumption (34.9%) and obesity (body mass index . 25) (32.8%) were most com- mon in patients with NVAF. In all patients, nonmedication rates were higher in pa- tients with hypercholesterolemia (29.8%) or diabetes (36.9%) than in those with hypertension (9.5%). Warfarin was used in 58.9% of patients with low-risk and 75.4% with high-risk NVAF. Conclusion: Risk factor profiles and their modification were not similar among patients in Japan with MI, stroke, and NVAF, although they share a high risk of thrombotic events. Key Words: Risk factor—stroke—myocardial infarction—atrial fibrillation—Registry. Ó 2010 by National Stroke Association *From the Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, †Department of Cardiology, Miyazaki Medical Association Hospital, Miyazaki, ‡Department of Cardiology, Sunagawa City Medical Center, Sunagawa, xDepartment of Neurol- ogy, Institute of Brain and Vessel, Mihara Memorial Hospital, Isezaki, //Department of Cardiology, Chikamori Hospital, Kochi, {Department of Neurology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Osaka, #Departments of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, ** Clinical Pharmacology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, ††Department of Biostatistics, Toyama University Graduate School, Toyama, ‡‡Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Shimono; and xxDepartment of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Received January 23, 2009; revision received March 6, 2009; accepted March 13, 2009. Supported by the Japan Heart Foundation. Address correspondence to Shinichiro Uchiyama, MD, PhD, De- partment of Neurology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan. E-mail: suchiyam@nij.twmu.ac.jp. 1052-3057/$—see front matter Ó 2010 by National Stroke Association doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.04.004 190 Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Vol. 19, No. 3 (May-June), 2010: pp 190-197