https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X19883903
Journal of Language and Social Psychology
1–24
© The Author(s) 2019
Article reuse guidelines:
sagepub.com/journals-permissions
DOI: 10.1177/0261927X19883903
journals.sagepub.com/home/jls
Article
Accent Beliefs Scale (ABS):
Scale Development and
Validation
Karolina Hansen
1
Abstract
People’s accents in speech strongly influence how they are perceived by others. The
current Accent Beliefs Scale was inspired by work on stigmatization, implicit theories
of intelligence, and essentialism. The scale has two dimensions: accent diagnosticity
and accent stability. The scale was developed, validated, and applied using a mixed
methods approach with a QUAN–qual sequential design. Pretest and Study 1
developed the items, the subscales, and showed that diagnosticity and stability beliefs
are independent of each other. Study 2 confirmed the scale’s two-factor structure on
a large sample and proved its divergent and convergent validity. Study 3 addressed
predictive validity and showed that the more perceivers viewed accents as diagnostic
of other traits and the more they believed accents can be changed, the worse they
evaluated a nonnative speaker with a strong accent. The developed scale can help
understanding and predicting negative reactions to nonnative speakers.
Keywords
nonnative accent, language attitudes, implicit theories, stigma, essentialism
Social categories of race and ethnicity have been extensively studied by social scien-
tists. For instance, it has been shown many times that a foreign appearance in terms of
skin color or ethnic physical features can lead to a negative social evaluation (Allport,
1954; Dovidio & Gaertner, 2010). Nevertheless, recent research has shown that in
numerous social contexts appearance might be less informative as a social cue than
accent in speech (Hansen, Rakić, & Steffens, 2017; Kinzler, Shutts, Dejesus, & Spelke,
2009; Pietraszewski & Schwartz, 2014). In general, people’s accents can strongly
influence how they are perceived by others, but also these others can differ in the way
1
University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Corresponding Author:
Karolina Hansen, Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, ul. Stawki 5/7, Warszawa 00-183, Poland.
Email: karolina.hansen@psych.uw.edu.pl
883903JLS XX X 10.1177/0261927X19883903Journal of Language and Social PsychologyHansen
research-article 2019