125 this publication and the care taken to situate and contextualise the debate make it a very rewarding read for both scholars already familiar with the subject matter as well as students delving into it for the frst time. Elizabeth Shakman Hurd. Beyond Religious Freedom: The new global politics of religion Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2015. ISBN-13: 978-0691166094. Hardcover £22.95 Kristina Stoeckl, University of Innsbruck In Elizabeth Shakman Hurd’s new book, Beyond Religious Freedom, in- ternational relations scholars are confronted with a sharply critical analysis of the role religion has assumed in their discipline ever since Samuel Huntington formulated the thesis of the “clash of civilisa- tions” in 1993. Experts, policy makers, and activists, in turn, will fnd themselves chewing hard on the compelling evidence presented that their best intentions with regard to the defence of religious freedom in foreign countries can have unfavourable outcomes. Hurd argues in Chapter 2 that IR scholars tend to follow an over- simplifed “two faces framework” with regard to religion. Tey see re- ligion as a force in society, which can have both pernicious and benign efects. Te task of scholarship and policy (“expert” and “governed religion” in Hurd’s terminology) is to foster the factors that make re- ligion benign, and combat those that make it dangerous. For Hurd the two faces framework “enacts a discursive and political logic that pro- duces its own object (‘religion’) and then assigns it causal powers and signifcance” (29). It therefore ignores both the complexities of “lived religion” (the third term used by Hurd to classify religion) as well as the reality of other forms of belonging or exclusion. Te author sub- stantiates this claim through a theory-driven analysis of a series of cases of state eforts to defne and shape religion. Chapter 3 decon- structs state-sponsored international advocacy of religious freedom by organisations like the United States Commission for International Religious Freedom as a contingent power arrangement of the West. Chapter 4 analyses the reifying efects of civil (USAID) and military