TEM Journal. Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 1247-1251, ISSN 2217-8309, DOI: 10.18421/TEM84-20, November 2019.
TEM Journal – Volume 8 / Number 4 / 2019. 1247
Smart City: From the Metaphor of Urban
Development to Innovative City Management
Daniyar Mukhametov
Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Abstract – The article deals with the evolution of the
concept of smart city. Smart city can be examined as
the modern metaphor of urban development that is
connected with the introduction of information
technologies to address a wide range of governance
issues. The innovation of the smart city is based on the
increased role of human capital, inclusive institutions
and cooperation of key participants within innovation
ecosystem. The article proposes the use of a three-level
model of urban benchmarking, which can contribute to
the system self-organization. The future of the smart
city projects will depend on ensuring cybersecurity,
human and social capital, modern engineering ideas
and competent project activities.
Keywords – Smart city, Digital technologies, City
benchmarking, Human capital, Urban development,
Innovation ecosystem.
1. Introduction
Technological progress actualizes the
implementation of digital technologies in
management processes. In particular, extensive
discussions are devoted to the possibility of their use
in the context of urban management optimization:
theoretical preconditions are reduced to the fact that
modern information and communication technology
can ensure efficient management.
DOI: 10.18421/TEM84-20
https://dx.doi.org/10.18421/TEM84-20
Corresponding author: Daniyar Mukhametov,
Financial University under the Government of the Russian
Federation, Moscow, Russia
Email: mukhametovdaniyar@gmail.com
Received: 30 June 2019.
Revised: 25 October 2019.
Accepted: 03 November 2019.
Published: 30 November 2019.
© 2019 Daniyar Mukhametov; published by
UIKTEN. This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0
License.
The article is published with Open Access
at www.temjournal.com
Such formulation — the use of digital technologies
for sustainable and efficient management of urban
processes [1] - is the most general and concise
characteristic of the concept of “Smart city”. There
are several reasons why interest in this concept is
expected to increase.
Firstly, today the urban population is 55% of the
total population of the planet, and by 2050 it is
projected to grow to the level of 68% [2]. The
constant growth of the urban population increases the
burden on major urban systems (transport, education,
health, safety, energy, construction, etc.) produce the
need to find new tools to improve urban governance.
The concept of “smart city” is capable to provide it.
Secondly, digital transformation marked the
possibility to introduce cyber-physical systems in
various spheres, including industrial production and
social life in general. The use of the Internet of
Things, the development of robotics and additive
manufacturing, the emergence of the unmanned
vehicles, the spread of the blockchain and other end-
to-end technologies leads to cardinal changes in the
life of society [3]. As a result, there is an opportunity
to use them for innovative development of urban
management [4].
Thirdly, the modern city is located at the
intersection of many different flows associated with
the process of globalization: migration, innovation,
financial and economic flows, etc. [5]. It also causes
the demand for sufficient flexibility and adaptability
of urban management, which can be provided by
implementation of the concept of “smart city” [6].
Despite these advantages of “Smart city” research,
there are a number of gaps related to the study of the
content of this concept. The purpose of this article is
to trace the transition of the Smart city concept from
the metaphor of urban development to the system of
innovative management and to develop a model of
urban benchmarking.
The review of the major metaphors of urban
development is provided in Section 2. In Section 3
the factors of innovative development in smart cities
are analyzed. Section 4 examines the urban
benchmarking model using machine learning, digital
technologies and self-organization mechanisms for
system dynamics.