International Journal of Arts and Sciences
3(7): 127 - 143 (2010)
CD-ROM. ISSN: 1944-6934
© InternationalJournal.org
E-Service Quality: A Conceptual Model
Jukka Ojasalo, Laurea University of Applied Sciences, Finland
Abstract. The purpose of this article is to examine the theoretical foundations of e-service
quality and develop a conceptual model for it. Even though e-service quality has increasingly
attracted the attention of researchers, the existing research in this area is mostly focused on
identifying quality dimensions of e-services without any deeper attention to the mechanism
behind the quality perception. There is a clear need for a model which integrates both the
cognitive mechanism behind quality perception as well as quality dimensions relevant in the
context of e-services. The present article responds to this need by suggesting a conceptual
model for this purpose. This article is based on extensive literature analysis. The proposed
conceptual model of e-service quality integrates characteristics common to both traditional
and e-services, distinctive characteristics of e-services, relevant e-service quality dimensions,
and disconfirmation mechanism on which service quality perception is based.
Keywords. E-service, quality, electronic commerce, service quality
1. Introduction
The concept of e-service has been used increasingly by researchers and practitioners from the
beginning of 2000. E-service can be defined as the electronic provision of services to
customers (Saanen, Sol & Verbraeck, 1999). E-service is a Web-based service delivered
through the Internet (Reynolds, 2000; Sara, 2000). According to Surjadjaja, Ghosh &
Anthony (2003), an e-service operation is one where all or part of the interaction between the
service provider and the customer is conducted through the Internet. An e-service has a
‘front-end’ Web-based systems and ‘back-end’ information systems. It also includes the
interface between them, which has an important role in the e-service (Hopker and Hole,
2001).
There are some key differences between traditional and e-services. Also, there are differences
between self-service and e-service. The differences between traditional and e-services are as
follows (Surjadjaja, Ghosh & Anthony, 2003). In a traditional service, only people —the
employees— are involved in the interface of the service encounter. In e-service, on the other
hand, ICT or employees are involved in the interface, mediated by the Internet. Moreover,
during an e-service encounter, the customers are restricted to hearing and viewing whereas,
in traditional services, customers can experience the service by using all their senses.
Furthermore, traditional service is restricted by distance and opening hours, whereas e-
service has substantially removed these barriers. The differences between self-service and e-
service relate to the following aspects (ibid.). In self-service operations, the customer has to
go to ICT centre, for example cash point, to receive the service. In e-service, a customer can
conveniently receive the service through the Internet at home or other places. E-service is
more flexible than self-service which is constrained by the location. Also, in self-service, the