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Religion and the Arts () –
RELIGION
and the ARTS
brill.com/rart
Realms Beyond
Half-Open Doors in Chinese Funerary Art
Fei Deng
Fudan University
Abstract
This article explores a mysterious but well-studied pictorial subject in Chinese visual
art, namely the half-open door. The scene often shows a female figure standing in or
emerging from the middle of two door-leaves, suggesting a path or an access to a certain
space and also indicating a view incompatible with what the viewer has already seen.
This pictorial theme frequently adorns stone sarcophagi and tomb walls in northern
China from the late eleventh to the thirteenth centuries. By examining the forms and
meanings of the motif, this study attempts to demonstrate the ways in which the half-
open door was employed in funerary art and helped people to visualize prevailing ideas
about the afterlife.
Keywords
Song and Jin periods – northern China – funerary art – half-open door – heavenly
worlds
Doorways constructed with stone or bricks are often seen in decorated tombs in
northern China during the eleventh and thirteenth centuries. Decorated tombs
are here defined as tombs that are adorned with elaborate facades in imitation
of wooden architecture and with various indoor scenes on the tomb walls. In
general, the tombs consist of a stepped path and a single or sometimes double
burial chambers of varying sizes and layouts. Wooden architectural elements
such as pillars, bracket sets, and eaves are simulated in brick and sometimes
enhanced with color. The pictorial scenes in the tombs usually include ban-
quets, indoor scenes, filial stories, and household furnishings. The decoration
1 In the last three decades, an increasing number of studies have discussed the materials. Most