©
J. ent. Res., 42 (4) : 499-502 (2018)
DOI : 10.5958/0974-4576.2018.00083.X
Monitoring of gram pod borer through sex pheromone traps in chickpea
and their correlation with abiotic factors
R.K. Meena, A.R. Naqvi, D.S. Meena and A.K. Meena
*
Department of Entomology, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner - 334 006, Rajasthan, India
ABSTRACT
The male moth catches in traps commenced from the 4
th
week of November, 2015 and continued upto 2
nd
week of April, 2016. In the traps where septa were replaced at 15 days intervals, the population attained peak
during the 11
th
standard week registering 49.4 moths/trap/week. More or less same order of moth catches
was observed in another traps in which septa were changed after every 30 days interval but, quantum of
moth catches was slightly lower. The maximum temperature (r = 0.581 and r = 0.546), minimum temperature
(r = 0.555 and r = 0.525), total rainfall (r = 0.592 and r = 0.606) and sunshine hours (r = 0.551 and r = 0.531)
resulted positive signifcant where septa were replaced after 15 and 30 days interval, respectively.
Key words : Monitoring, Helicoverpa armigera, chickpea, pheromone traps, abiotic factors.
INTRODUCTION
Gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)
is a pest causing damage from vegetative to
podding stage (Dhingra et al., 2003). Although it
is a polyphagous pest but chickpea is the most
preferred host of this species and suffers losses to
the tune of 25 to 70 per cent (Tripathi and Sharma,
1984). The larvae of gram pod borer damage leaves,
stem, pods and seeds of gram. Newly emerged
larvae feed on the chlorophyll content of the leaf
but later on they act as defoliator and feed on the
buds and tender pods. While the grown up larvae
bore into the pods by thrusting their head inside
and leaving the body half exposed thus, completely
devouring the grain and leaving the empty shells. A
single larva alone can destroy 30 to 40 pods before
the maturity (Reed and Pawar, 1982). The higher
acreage and low productivity in gram depends on
number of constraints, amongst them insect-pest has
been recognized as one of the major constraint. In
order to prevent the losses caused by insects and
to produce a quality crop, it is essential to manage
the pest population at appropriate time with suitable
measures. A thorough knowledge of seasonal activity
of different insect pests determines the predisposing
climatic factors affecting their population dynamics.
Monitoring of adult moths with pheromone
traps is one of the important components in the
integrated pest management of H. armigera. Pawar
et al. (1988) and Srivastava et al. (1990) extensively
studied the monitoring of H. armigera using
pheromone traps. However, the pest monitoring
is only reliable, if the relationship between the
pheromone trap catches and the corresponding
feld population estimate are good and consistent
across time. A number of workers like Srivastava
et al. (1990), Kaushal (1997) and Visalakshmi et
al. (2000) studied the relationship between moth
activity and actual feld infestation with a view to
explore the possibility of predicting larval population
in the feld on the basis of pheromone trap catch
data. Therefore, the present investigation was
undertaken to monitor the activity of adult moths of
H. armigera in the chickpea feld through pheromone
traps and study the relationship between pheromone
trap catches and with abiotic factors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The experiment was carried out during 2015-16
at Research farm of College of Agriculture, SKRAU,
Bikaner (Rajasthan). The funnel traps with septa
were used for trapping the moths of H. armigera.
Six sex pheromone traps were installed in the gram
feld at a distance of 50 m each. The traps were
placed in the feld on bamboo at 2 feet above the
height of crop canopy. Septa were changed after
*Corresponding author's present address: Rajasthan College of Agriculture,
Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur - 313
001, Rajasthan, India; E-mail: akmeenaentomology@gmail.com