Special Issue: Development and Sustainability in Africa – Part 2 International Journal of Development and Sustainability Online ISSN: 2168-8662 – www.isdsnet.com/ijds Volume 2 Number 2 (2013): Pages 711-728 ISDS Article ID: IJDS13031904 Environmental impacts of wastewater from urban slums: case study - Old Fadama, Accra I. Monney 1* , S.N. Odai 1 , R. Buamah 1 , E. Awuah 1 , P.M. Nyenje 2 1 Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, Kumasi, Ghana 2 Makerere University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kampala, Uganda Abstract The burgeoning of slums in the developing world poses an urgent environmental threat due to insanitary conditions and rampant disposal of wastewater. To assess the potential environmental impacts, domestic wastewater from Ghana's biggest urban slum - Old Fadama was characterised throughout the dry and wet seasons. The study drew on a comprehensive assessment of the general sanitary conditions in the community to determine the sources of pollution and water quality monitoring. BOD5 levels of wastewater from the study area were 545.63±99.88mg/L and 645.94±331.43mg/L in the dry and wet seasons respectively whereas COD levels were 1100.45±167.16mg/L and 1415.12±722.83mg/L in the dry and wet seasons respectively. E-coli levels were 4±1x10 6 CFU/100mL and 4200±2400 x10 6 CFU/100mL in the dry and wet seasons respectively whereas total coliform levels also showed the same trend with 9±210 6 CFU/100mL and 16800±510010 6 CFU/100mL in the dry and wet seasons respectively. The study identifies that wastewater from this community has potential deleterious environmental implications due to high levels of nutrients, oxygen-demanding substances and faecal coliforms. Pollutants were identified to be emanating predominantly from open defecation and indiscriminate waste disposal. Efforts should thus be directed towards improving sanitary conditions viz. access to toilet facilities, waste disposal mechanisms and best management practices for wastewater. Keywords: Environmental impacts, Urban, Slum, Wastewater Copyright © 2013 by the Author(s) – Published by ISDS LLC, Japan International Society for Development and Sustainability (ISDS) Cite this paper as: Monney, I., Odai, S.N., Buamah, R., Awuah, E. and Nyenje, P.M. (2013), “Environmental impacts of wastewater from urban slums: case study - Old Fadama, Accra”, International Journal of Development and Sustainability, Vol. 2 No. 2, pp. 711-728. * Corresponding author. E-mail address: monney.isaac@gmail.com