International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-3, September 2019 6541 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number: C5259098319/2019©BEIESP DOI:10.35940/ijrte.C5259.098319 Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks have become major integral components of various other technologies like- IoT, Big Data, Cloud Computing and many. This impact is also making WSNs to grow more rapidly and its global market size is predicted to grow $944.92 million by 2020, at a CAGR of 12.96%. In-spite of this impact some challenges and application requirements in WSNs is there limiting its performance. In this article a detailed analysis and research has been carried out to address and resolve some of the major issues in the WSNs. This paper mainly aims in identifying and analyzing the major challenges and requirements along with some existing works in WSNs. Based on the identified problems this article presents the solution to increase the performance of WSNs. The main focus is given to energy and security aspects in the WSNs. The proposed protocol provides more strengthening security parameters with a focus on increasing the lifetime of the network in the resource constraint devices. The outcome of this paper is resulted in better results than the existing security and energy mechanism in the field of the wireless sensor networks. Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks, Sensors, Energy, Security, Clustering, LEACH, DBCH, SecLEACH, SLEACH I. INTRODUCTION Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) gaining huge impact in the recent years, and is set to rule the digital world with Internet of Things (IoT) in coming decade [1-2]. This impact of WSNs is due to the recent advancement in the sensors technology, wireless technology and real time applications. WSNs are now the major component of Internet of Things, Big Data, Cloud Computing and many other technologies. This application features are creating a huge impact in the growth of WSNs and its market size is predicted to rise from $401.23 Million in 2013 to $944.92 Million by 2020, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.96% from 2014 to 2020. The global markets of an application specific sensor devices are about to rise nearly from $2.4 billion in 2016 to nearly $7.7 billion by 2021 with a CAGR of 26.7% within these assessment years [3]. The global industrial WSNs market size is predicted to rise from $401.23 Million in 2013 to $944.92 Million by 2020, at a CAGR of 12.96% from 2014 to 2020. This report is also focused on the systems, sensors, technologies, applications, and geographies of the industrial sensor network. The global sensors market also creating its impact by an increase of its market value $101.9 billion to $113.2 billion from 2015 to Revised Manuscript Received on September 23, 2019 * Correspondence Author Dr. Andhe Dharani*, Department of MCA, R.V. College of Engineering, Bengaluru, INDIA, Email: andhedharani@rvce.edu.in Dr. Manjuprasad B, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, GSSS Institute of Engineering and Technology for Women, Mysuru, INDIA, Email: manjuprasad32@gsss.edu.in 2016 and it is predicted to reach $190.6 billion by 2021, with a CAGR of 11.0% during 2016-2021. Among overall sensor ratings the image and chemical sensors are predicted to reach $51.2 billion by 2021, bio-sensor and fingerprint sensor are predicted to reach $44.5 billion by 2020 with a CAGR of 13.2% [4]. These statistics shows the impact of WSNs in the recent years in various sectors. This impact is due to the recent development in wireless communication and sensor technology. But majority of applications in WSNs comes with major challenges, problems and specific application requirements. These challenges are making WSNs an unstable and insecure in some of the domains. This paper focuses on identifying some major problems in WSNs and proposes WSNs specific approaches to increase the performance of WSNs. This is achieved by streamlining the concepts in WSNs systematically into various sections. Section- 2 presents the WSNs application requirements and its challenges. Section-3 focuses on discussing and analyzing some of the existing works. Section-4 presents the proposed approaches for resolving the identified major problems. Section-5 compares the proposed approaches with some of existing standard benchmarks. Section-6 concludes the proposed work with its outcomes. II. REQUIREMENTS AND CHALLENGES This section focuses on the WSNs applications requirements and its challenges. A. Requirements • Lifetime: The lifespan of the WSNs depends on the individual sensor nodes which may affect the applications. The efficient utilization of the sensor energy is one of the major research challenges [5]. • Availability: Once the nodes are deployed for any kind of monitoring applications it must be available all the time. The data from the WSNs must not be lost. The need of WSNs is to collect the data from remote areas and it will be of no use if the data is not available when it is required. • Data Freshness: The data collection from sensors should be very efficient in terms of throughput. The applications should not have any delay in transmitting the data to the central system. The delay in WSNs can affect the performance and functionality of the applications [6]. • Security: This is the major requirements in all the field and very crucial in WSNs military and surveillance applications. These applications should be trusted one, if the system is more vulnerable to threats and not able to resists the attack may lead to failure of whole Lightweight Security Protocol for Efficient Information Transfer in Sensor Networks Andhe Dharani, Manjuprasad B