1 23 Learning Environments Research An International Journal ISSN 1387-1579 Volume 22 Number 1 Learning Environ Res (2019) 22:83-100 DOI 10.1007/s10984-018-9268-y Responsibility of learning: a cross-cultural examination of the relationship of grit, motivational belief and self-regulation among college students in the US, UAE and Turkey Nausheen Pasha-Zaidi, Ernest Afari, Barış Sevi, Betul Urganci & Justin Durham