International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 5, Issue 9, September-2016 14
ISSN 2278-7763
Copyright © 2016 SciResPub. IJOART
THE DISTANCE RELAY BY USING ANFIS TO
DETECT FAULTS IN TRANSMISSION LINE
Ibrahim Ismael
Ibrahim Ismael: was born in mosul in 1989. He got the B.Sc. and M.Sc. from the mosul University in 2011, 2014 respectively, in
Electrical Engineering. mosul University, Department of Electrical Engineering.
Abstract –
In this research, a three-phase distance relay was designed by using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy
inference system algorithm (ANFIS) to protect the overhead transmission lines where these lines
are exposed to the faults continuously being built in outdoor and accompanied with the fault a
high electrical current to large values lead to the destruction of electrical equipment in the power
system.
The research had the study of adding a load to the end of the line as (Over Load) and also adding a
load in the center of the transmission line (Adding an intermediate station as load) where the
designated distance relay with an adaptive neuro fuzzy network algorithm (ANFIS) was successful
in distinguishing between these cases and cases of real faults in the transmission line on at variance
of the classical distance relay that cannot distinguish between disturbance cases and faults cases.
The adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was designed into two parts:
The first part: works to detect the faults in the transmission line by measuring the voltage signal
and current for each phase and calculate the value of line impedance and through it, the fault will
be detected and its location within the first zone or the second zone so that if the fault occurred
within the first zone, the distance relay will issue instantous trip signal to circuit breaker (C.B) to
separate the fault from the transmission line, or if the fault occurred within the second zone , the
distance relay will delay trip signal to circuit breaker.
The second part: works to detect the location and type of the fault in the transmission line by
measuring maximum peak value of currents of the three phases in order to determine the fault
location as well as the type of the fault.
Through the presented results in the research the designated distance relay with algorithm (ANFIS)
to detect the occurrence of faults and distinguish it from the cases of the disturbance as well as
determine the protection zones in the event of the occurrence of faults and also the location and
type of faults in the transmission line successfully.
Keywords:Transmission Line, Fault Location, Fault Classification, Distance Relay, ANFIS.
1. Introduction
The overhead transmission lines one of the main parts in
the power systems. Since the transmission lines are exposed
to the surrounding environmental conditions and the
possibility of a fault occurs on these lines is higher than
other major parts of the power system [1], When a fault
occurs on the transmission line, it is necessary to detect and
identify the type and the location to separate the fault and
return the power system to its normal as soon as possible.
Because the required time to know the location of the fault
along the transmission line will affect the quality of power
distribution, and for this, we find that the speed of
determining the fault location will provide time for repair
and maintenance of the transmission line in which the fault
was occurred in the system in order to restore and
distribution of electric power transmission. The detecting of
disturbance that occur in power systems are necessary to cut
in the distribution of electric power to consumers [2].
Faults are classified into two types:
1. Symmetrical Faults [3]: these that occur because of the
short circuit of the current of the three phases and they are
most influential types of faults that effect on the system and
less occurred. The appropriate percentage of occurrence of
this fault – 3%
2. Non-symmetrical Faults [3]: they are usually several types
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