International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications ISSN (Online): 2581-6187 16 Thi Minh Hao Dong, Thi Thuy Hoa Phan, and Thi Hoa Nguyen, “A Research on Specific Fuel Consumption and Emission Characteristics from Diesel Engines Used Palm Biodiesel,” International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications (IJMRAP), Volume 2, Issue 6, pp. 16-20, 2019. A Research on Specific Fuel Consumption and Emission Characteristics from Diesel Engines Used Palm Biodiesel Thi Minh Hao Dong, Thi Thuy Hoa Phan, Thi Hoa Nguyen Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam Abstract— Biofuels are mainly composed of bioethanol and biodiesel, biogas. In particular, biodiesel can completely replace diesel fuel based on similar properties of cetane value, specific calorific value ... and its environmental friendliness. Biodiesel is a liquid biofuel with similar properties and can be used as a substitute for conventional diesel oil. Tests using biodiesel (BDF) on internal combustion engines have also been conducted. The results of these tests show that BDF can be used on engines at any rate mixed with diesel fuel without changing engine structure. In addition, using BDF reduces harmful emissions into the environment such as CO, SO2, PM, CxHy .... [9, 10]. Emission factors of engine pollutants, combustion efficiency of fuel and engine power depend on BDF mixing ratio in fuel and engine load. Study to assess engine fuel consumption and ordinary emissions of palm oil biodiesel fuel (BDF palm oil) used on diesel generators. The experiments were performed at no-load and high-load mode with mixing ratios of BDF palm oil and diesel fuel (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 50%, 100% are equivalent to B0, B5, B10, B15, B20, B50, B100). Results showed that specific fuel consumption increased as volume of BDF palm oil increased in fuel. In idle mode, compared to diesel fuel, fuel consumption increased by 1.32%; 1.8%; 2.8%; 3.74%, 5.61%; 6.54% corresponding to B5, B10, B15, B20, B50, B100. In high load mode, fuel consumption increased by 1.51%; 1.86%; 2.18%; 4.78%; 5.36%; 6.76% corresponding to B5, B10, B15, B20, B50, B100 compared to diesel fuel. Keywords— Particle emission, biodiesel, diesel engines, reduction of emissions. I. INTRODUCTION Biodiesel is a liquid biofuel with similar properties and can be used as a substitute for conventional diesel oil. In the past time, with the goal of economical and efficient use of energy, minimizing the harmful emissions released into the environment, implementing the roadmap of applying the mixing ratio in biofuel according to Decision 53 / 2012 / QD- TTg of the government. There have been many ministerial and state research projects on the application and deployment of pilot application of mixing materials B5 (5% biodiesel + 95% normal diesel) and B10 (10% biodiesel + 90% conventional diesel) into transportation[1]. On average, from 2015 to 2018, harmful emissions released into the environment when using conventional diesel fuel are quite large, of which: CO is 1960.9 tons; NO 2 is 1018.19 tons; CO 2 is 262582.4 tons ... Testing and progressing the application of B5 and B10 fuels to HSR will reduce the amount of toxic emissions and replace exhausted petroleum and gas sources [2]. Moreover, many domestic and foreign scientific studies have shown that biodiesel is truly a clean green energy source because their use helps reduce emissions of serious pollutants such as CO, SO2, NOx, and CxHy compounds ...[3] However, the emissions from the combustion of biodiesel fuel in diesel engines of organic compounds are small but very toxic and affect the ambient air environment[4]. Around as carbonyl has not been fully studied in Vietnam and in the world. Biofuels are produced from animal or plant-derived compounds such as animal fat, coconut oil, palm oil, grains (wheat, corn, soybean), agricultural residues (straw, corn stalks, beans), industrial waste (sawdust, waste wood). Compared to traditional fuels, biofuels have many outstanding advantages such as: no increase in branding greenhouse, reduce environmental pollution[5]. Moreover, biofuel sources are capable of regenerating from agricultural production activities, thus reducing dependence on traditional fuel sources that are unable to regenerate. Depending on the mode of production and the intended use, biofuels can be classified into the main categories: original vegetable oil and biofuel after processing. The extracted original vegetable oil is very simple, just go through the process of pressing oilseed nuts (palm, mustard seeds, sunflower seeds, sesame, peanuts ..), then filter out all the residue and the water is Can be used as a fuel. The first diesel engine first built by Rudolf Diesel in 1893 also runs on this fuel. Processed biofuels include biodiesel, biodiesel (ethanol) and natural gas (biogas). In these groups, bio-gasoline is commonly used for gasoline engines, biodiesel suitable for diesel engines[6]. In terms of structure, biodiesel has lower carbon content (C), sulfur (S) and water than diesel, but has more oxygen content in the component. Low carbon content will reduce CO, CO2 and soot emissions on the discharge road. The sulfur content is low and almost nonexistent, so it does not produce SO2, a gas that affects the respiratory tract, heart failure, pneumonia and causes acid rain. Oxygen components facilitate biodiesel to burn completely over diesel, reduce CO emissions and unburnt fuel (hydrocarbon-HC)[7]. Carbonyl compounds (CBCs - Carbonyl compounds) are organic compounds with a carbonyl functional group consisting of a carbon atom that is coupled to an oxygen atom. The simplest compounds of carbonyl groups are aldehydes and ketones. CBCs are considered toxic because they are capable of causing allergies or cancer in humans. Among them, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, propional dehyde and butanol have been listed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) as toxic gases for human