_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: E-mail: naser_elsawy@ymail.com; Asian Oncology Research Journal 2(1): 1-10, 2019; Article no.AORJ.53277 Nutritional Status, Anthropometric and Biochemical Profile of Down Syndrome Children with Cancer at King Abdullah Medical City Hospital in Makkah Naser A. ElSawy 1* 1 Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt. Author’s contribution The sole author designed, analyzed, interpreted and prepared the manuscript. Article Information Editor(s): (1) Dr. Bing Yan, Department of Oncology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Haitang District of Sanya City, Hainan Province, China. Reviewers: (1) Hanan Mohamed Hamed, National Research Centre, Egypt. (2) Adaja Matthew T, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/53277 Received 06 October 2019 Accepted 12 December 2019 Published 18 December 2019 ABSTRACT Background: Down syndrome children with cancer are susceptible to nutritional depletion due to the combined effects of the malignant disease and its treatment. The assessment of the nutritional status of pediatric oncology patients on admission to hospital is crucial, as nutritional status is known to influence treatment and clinical outcomes. Objectives: This study aimed at assessing the nutritional status, life style, anthropometric and biochemical profile of children with cancer. The study was carried out at the at oncology department at King Abdullah medical city hospital in Makkah on 100 children having cancer and receiving treatment compared with non-cancer controls using a descriptive design, by using anthropometric parameters and prealbumine level. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study on 100 Down syndrome children under 15 years with or without cancer was conducted to determine their nutritional status. The children comprised 50 patients with cancer (cases) and 50 controls seen at Down syndrome children’s outpatient clinic with minor illnesses. An interview questionnaire and a physical assessment sheet collected data. Which included three parts; the first one covered the clinical examination; the second part was for anthropometric measurement and the third part was for laboratory investigations. Results: Indicated that leukemia and lymphoma are the commonest cancers and chemotherapy is the therapy mostly used. Children suffer many gastrointestinal symptoms as anorexia, nausea and Original Research Article