0-7803-7454-1/02/$17.00 ©2002 IEEE
30.3: Thin Film Strain Gauge Sensors for Ion Thrust
Measurement
R. John Stephen and K. Rajanna *
Department of Instrumentation, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India.
Vivek Dhar, K.G. Kalyan Kumar and S. Nagabushanam
Control Systems Group, ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore-560 017, India.
* Corresponding author E-mail: kraj@isu.iisc.ernet.in
Abstract:
In order to measure the thrust produced by a
Stationary Plasma Thruster, a measurement system has
been developed using a thrust balance with thin film
strain gauge sensors. For this purpose, strain gauges
were designed and deposited on the columns of the thrust
balance fabricated and necessary signal conditioning
circuit has been used. Performance of the system
developed was studied, in a vacuum chamber under space
simulated conditions, by activating the thruster. Insitu
calibration was done using Lami’s principle. For
discharge powers varying from 210-275 Watts, the
measured values of thrust were found to be in the range of
11-16 mN with an accuracy of ± 1mN and resolution of
0.12 mN. Specific impulse and efficiency were also
estimated.
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1. Introduction
In space applications, a kind of propulsion is used to re-
orient satellites placed in orbits. In recent years, Hall type
of electric propulsion devices such as Stationary Plasma
Thrusters (SPT) placed on board the satellites are
activated for the purpose of station keeping and on-orbit
maneuvering [1-7]. In such situations, measurement of
thrust is an important requirement. Techniques have been
developed for the measurement of thrust produced by
electric propulsion devices based on spring force,
pendulum and a gas–bearing turntable [8-14]. Recently,
we have reported the measurement of thrust produced by
an SPT, using a thrust balance with conventional foil type
of strain gauges [15]. In comparison with conventional
foil type strain gauges, thin film strain gauges offer
several advantages. Some of the advantages are absence
of adhesive material, flexibility to tailor the properties of
the sensor material in thin film form, good linearity and
improved strain sensitivity etc. [16-17]
In the present paper, we report the attempt made to
measure the thrust produced by an SPT by developing a
measurement system using a thrust balance with thin film
strain gauges made of platinum–tungsten (Pt-W) material.
This material has been chosen because of its high
sensitivity, good repeatability and excellent linearity. The
details of the experiments carried out to study the
performance of the thrust measuring system on the ground
under space-simulated conditions and the results obtained
are reported.
Figure 1. Schematic of the thrust balance assembly.
2. Thrust Balance assembly
The schematic of the thrust balance assembly developed
is shown in figure 1. It consists of a stainless steel (SS)
plate at the bottom with four columns of beryllium-copper
alloy, mounted one on each of the four corners, simply
supporting another SS plate at the top. Its bottom plate is
stationary and its upper plate moves in response to a force
while remaining parallel to the bottom plate. When the
thrust balance is critically loaded, the columns buckle and
even a small force in the transverse direction produces a
large deflection of the columns, the deflection being
proportional to the magnitude of force acting on them. An
SPT was placed on the upper plate along with additional
weights, so as to critically load the thrust balance in such
a way that the four columns share the total load equally.
To provide damping during the operation of the thruster, a
viscous damper was provided. More details of the thrust
balance are provided in our earlier paper [15].