IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 18, Issue 11 Ser.4 (November. 2019), PP 19-26 www.iosrjournals.org DOI: 10.9790/0853-1811041926 www.iosrjournals.org 19 | Page Histopathological Spectrum of Lesions in Nephrectomy Specimens: A Two Year Study Dr. Shalakha Agrawal, Dr K.B.Mishra , Dr Vandana Agarwal PG Resident LN medical college and research centre, Bhopal Department of Pathology LN medical college and research centre Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh India Corresponding author – DR. SHALAKHA AGRAWAL Structured Abstract Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions encountered in nephrectomy specimens that were received in our department over a 2 year period. Methods: A hospital based two year retrospective study of all nephrectomy specimens received in the department of pathology. Result: A total of 32 nephrectomy specimens were studied. Mean age at which nephrectomy was done was 40.6 years with a female preponderance. 62.5% cases were non neoplastic lesions and 37.5% neoplastic lesions. Wilm’s tumor in pediatric age group and renal cell carcinoma in adult age group were commonly seen in the malignant category. Conclusion: The present study provides a fair insight into the histological patterns of lesions in nephrectomy specimens at our institution. A wide range of lesions are encountered on histopathology of nephrectomy specimens, many of which may be misdiagnosed clinically and radiologically; therefore it is mandatory that every nephrectomy specimen should be subjected to a detailed histopathological examination for a clinico- morphological correlation to ensure proper management. Keywords: Nephrectomy, Chronic Pyelonephritis, Renal Cell Carcinoma, Wilms tumor,PNET --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 26-10-2019 Date of Acceptance: 11-11-2019 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. Introduction Kidney can be involved in various pathological processes, both neoplastic and non neoplastic conditions, some of which may require its surgical removal, nephrectomy. Simple nephrectomy is a common procedure in urological practice and it is indicated in patients with an irreversible damaged kidney resulting from symptomatic chronic infections, obstruction, calculus, severe traumatic injury and renal dysplasia[1].Kidney can be affected by various pathological conditions like cystic disease, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, renovascular hypertension, obstruction, calculous disease, benign and malignant tumor, etc some of which may requires surgical treatment and some may requires medical treatment[2]. Chronic pyelonephritis with hydronephrosis is the most common type of nephrectomy specimen for non-neoplastic conditions due to increase in the incidence of pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction by upper ureteric calculi.Renal cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 2 percent of adult malignancies and 80-85 percent of malignant kidney tumors.[3] Renal cell carcinoma occurs twice as commonly in men than in women, it is primarily a disease of elderly patients, typically presenting in the 5 th to 7 th decades of life; however, it has been reported in much younger patients as well.[4] Wilms‟ tumor, though ranked fifth in frequency among childhood solid tumors, is the most common childhood abdominal malignancy; however, less than 1 percent of Wilms‟ tumor occurs in adults.[3] Kidneys with endstage renal disease can give rise to major complications such as massive bleeding for which nephrectomy may be indicated. Other less frequent indications for nephrectomy are intractable hypertension, pain, and repeated infections. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is also an indication for nephrectomy. Grossly, mass occupying nature of this lesion often mimics renal cell carcinoma.[5] Nephrectomy is the treatment modality in cystic renal dysplasia. This study from a tertiary care hospital was undertaken to determine the most common clinical presentation, with age and sex distribution of renal tumours and to analyse the histomorphological spectrum of renal tumours from resected nephrectomy specimens.