AshEse Journal of Business Management Vol. 3(3), pp. 116-146, August, 2017 ISSN 2059-7835 © 2017 AshEse Visionary Limited FULL LENGTH RESEARCH Population Size and Health Implications of Large-Scale Mining at Bibiani-Ahwiaso Bekwai District: A Comparative Study in Akoti (Mining Community) and Subri (Non Mining Community) Andrews Baidoo 1 *, Bernard John Tiika 2 , Appiah Clement Nana Kofi 3 1,2,3 School of Political Science and Public Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P.R. China *Corresponding Author. Email: andrewsbaidoo85@yahoo.com Received November, 2016; Accepted April, 2017 Abstract Mining has become a hot business everywhere in the world. Issues of mining are in the rouse because of the increasing demands for mineral products and shrinking nature of such minerals in the world. This seemingly opportunity for developing countries like Ghana which have mineral deposits comes with its accompanying outcomes. This paper looks at the general objective of determining how mining influences the population dynamics of the study communities (Akoti and Subiri), examine the mining operations and their effects on the health of the people living in the mining community, and determine the interventional measures of Chirano Gold mines in ensuring the safety of residents in the surrounding community. The study focused on the implications of population size and health in both Akoti and Subri communities. Special emphasis was laid on determining the implications of mining activities in terms of population size and health on the lives of the people of Akoti. Simple random sampling, systematic sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used for the study while questionnaires, observation and focused group discussion were also used as a method of data collection. The study revealed that in Akoti population increased as a result of mining and mining related diseases was also recorded while in Subri population increased steadily and non-mining related diseases were also noticed. Key words: Population, Health, Large Scale Mining INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Mining in Ghana is driven by the global paradigm which emphasis private sector led development as the engine of economic recovery in developing countries. This is indeed the thrust of the structural adjustment programme (SAP) prescription for such developing countries at the World Bank and allied institutions since the early 1980‟s. In these economic programs, African countries with important mining sectors were obliged to shift their policy emphasis towards the primary objectives of maximizing tax revenue from mining over the long term, rather than pursuing other economic or political objectives such as control of resources or enhancement of employment. Sixteen (16) countries were identified by the World Bank to be given priority for explanation and private mining investment from Sub –Saharan Africa, obviously because the region is an important supplier to a variety of minerals to the world. It accounts for about 8% of world mine production. It holds more than 10% market share in six minerals–bauxite, gold, manganese, uranium, rutile, cobalt and 37% share of world diamond production. Gold mining has played a pivotal role in the socio- economic development of Ghana for the past 200 years. According to Tenkorang (2001), the foreign exchange earnings from the export of gold rose from 107.2 million dollars to 744.2 million dollars in 1989 to 1999. From 1983 to 2002, foreign direct investment (FDI) in-flow to the