Russia as a “Trauma” Te Rise and Fall of Japan as a Great Power Yaroslav A. Shulatov Abstract The present paper discusses the so-called “Russian factor” in the political development of Japan over a period from the late 19th century till the present day. The rise and fall of Japan as a “great power” in the 20th century is tightly linked with its relations with Russia (the Russian Empire and the USSR), which became a specifc factor of the Japanese imperial project. Russia served as a challenge to Japan that triggered its social mobilization and militarization in 1895-1905. The victorious Russo-Japanese War made Japan a “great power” with colonies on the continent. However, it also predetermined the political rise of its military circles, which ultimately worked as a time bomb breaking the foundation of the newborn empire. Cooperation with Russia afer 1906 was the most efective instrument for Japan’s further expansion on the continent, while the intervention into Siberia afer 1917 came as the frst alarm signaling the limits of that expansion. The paper also examines the harsh geopolitical rivalry between the two countries during the 1930s, “strange neutrality” during WWII, and the Soviet-Japanese war in August 1945 as the fnal factor that brought Japan to a surrender and drove the fnal nail in the cofn of its imperial project. The study shows an unprecedented transformation of Russia’s image in Japan Yaroslav A. Shulatov, PhD in History, PhD in Law Kobe University, Japan. Graduate School of Intercultural Studies, Associate Professor ResearcherID: T-7270-2017 ORCID: 0000-0001-9711-8993. Scopus AuthorID: 57200138622 E-mail: slavutich@hotmail.com Address: 1-2-1 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan DOI: 10.31278/1810-6374-2019-17-4-78-108 RUSSIA IN GLOBAL AFFAIRS 78